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Der Rückzug des Todes: der epidemiologische Übergang in Deutschland während des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts

The retreat of death: the epidemiological transition in Germany during the 19th and 20th centuries
[journal article]

Spree, Reinhard

Abstract

Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts hat sich in den westlichen Industrieländern das Krankheits- und Sterblichkeitsgeschehens, besonders für das Säuglingsalter und für die Altersklassen über 60 Jahre, gewandelt. Diese Veränderungen bilden einen 'epidemiologischen Übergang', dessen positive und negative S... view more

Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts hat sich in den westlichen Industrieländern das Krankheits- und Sterblichkeitsgeschehens, besonders für das Säuglingsalter und für die Altersklassen über 60 Jahre, gewandelt. Diese Veränderungen bilden einen 'epidemiologischen Übergang', dessen positive und negative Seiten, vor allem dessen einzelne Phasen und wichtigste Merkmale nachgezeichnet werden. Globale Entwicklungslinien werden nur kurz angesprochen. Den Schwerpunkt bilden die demographischen Befunde aus Deutschland bzw. Preußen, größtenteils aus dem Zeitraum 1816-1913. Anhand von Schaubildern werden u.a. die Veränderungen des 'Todesursachen-Panoramas' in Preußen bzw. seit dem Ersten Weltkrieg und der Zuwachs an 'verlorenen Lebensjahren' aufgezeigt. Internationale Erklärungsansätze für den Sterblichkeitsrückgang während der letzten 100 Jahre sowie Teilerklärungen für den Sterblichkeitsrückgang in Deutschland seit den 1870er Jahren werden wiedergegeben. Erst im achten Lebensjahrzehnt taucht der Tod 'im Prinzip unausweichlich' wieder auf. (prf)... view less


'It has been argued that crude death rates began to decline in Europe and in North America after 1670 (the onset of the decline in mortality varying between major regions). By the middle of the twentieth century the mortality rate had fallen from about 30 to 40 per thousand to 10 per thousand. The s... view more

'It has been argued that crude death rates began to decline in Europe and in North America after 1670 (the onset of the decline in mortality varying between major regions). By the middle of the twentieth century the mortality rate had fallen from about 30 to 40 per thousand to 10 per thousand. The secular decline of mortality took place in two phases. Both phases were separated by an intermediary phase of increased mortality during the second third of the nineteenth century, at a time when increasing urbanisation strongly influenced the demographic development. Using the concept of the epidemiologic transition, this paper examines the long-term changes in morbidity and mortality in Germany during the nineteenth and twentieth century. It focuses on the duration of the transitional phases and their main characteristics by investigating age specific mortality rates and causes-of-death. Applying epidemiological methods such as mean age of death and potential years of life lost will contribute to understand better the epidemiologic transition and its causes from the late nineteenth century onwards. These methods have so far hardly been applied in historical research. They will be related to the causes of death which have been grouped together in 15 categories.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
industrial society; baby; Western world; Germany; historical development; cause; epidemiology; death; age structure; mortality; demographic transition; Prussia; age; twentieth century; illness; nineteenth century

Classification
Medicine, Social Medicine
Social History, Historical Social Research
Population Studies, Sociology of Population

Method
documentation; empirical; historical; quantitative empirical

Document language
German

Publication Year
1998

Page/Pages
p. 4-43

Journal
Historical Social Research, 23 (1998) 1/2

DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.23.1998.1/2.4-43

ISSN
0172-6404

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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