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Disfavored in Life, Favored in Death? Later-Life Mortality Differences (Ages 30+) between Migrants and Natives in Antwerp, Rotterdam and Stockholm, 1850-1930
Benachteiligt im Leben, begünstigt im Tod? Unterschiede in der Erwachsenensterblichkeit (Altersgruppe 30+) zwischen Migranten und Einheimischen in Antwerpen, Rotterdam und Stockholm, 1850-1930
[journal article]
Abstract
Differences in adult mortality were studied between natives and domestic and international migrants in three Northwestern European cities during different stages of the epidemiological transition. Event history analysis was conducted for mortality risk at ages 30+ using life course data retrieved fr... view more
Differences in adult mortality were studied between natives and domestic and international migrants in three Northwestern European cities during different stages of the epidemiological transition. Event history analysis was conducted for mortality risk at ages 30+ using life course data retrieved from three large historical demographic micro-level databases. Results provide ample evidence of healthy migrant effects in Antwerp, Rotterdam, and Stockholm, and the effect was particularly strong among domestic migrants in Rotterdam. The multivariate analyses show that the early life environment, as well as positive selection effects, contributed to the healthy migrant effect: As migration distance increased, mortality risks declined. Being born in the countryside and moving later in life to a city were also associated with lower mortality risks. Although migrants overall had lower mortality risks than natives, we discovered, four vulnerable sub-groups whose mortality risk not only increased, but eventually exceeded that of natives: (1) rural migrants in the period when major epidemics belonged to the past, (2) international migrants who lost their partner, (3) Italian and Italian-speaking Swiss men in Rotterdam, and (4) medium-distance domestic migrant men in Antwerp.... view less
Keywords
residential environment; Netherlands; Sweden; rural area; health status; place of residence; native citizen; Belgium; migrant; adult; regional comparison; mortality; socioeconomic factors; town; exclusion; aging
Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Population Studies, Sociology of Population
Free Keywords
later-life mortality; healthy migrant effect; urban penalty; early life environment
Document language
English
Publication Year
2016
Page/Pages
p. 257-290
Journal
Historical Social Research, 41 (2016) 4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.41.2016.4.257-290
ISSN
0172-6404
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed