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Der schiefe Turm von PISA: die logistischen Parameter des Rasch-Modells sollten revidiert werden

The leaning tower of PISA: the logistical parameters of the Rasch Model should be revised
[journal article]

Harney, Klaus
Fuhrmann, Christoph
Harney, Hanns L.

Abstract

'Die Kompetenz- und Anforderungsmessungen in den PISA-Studien beruhen auf dem logistischen Rasch-Modell, welches der probabilistischen Testtheorie zu Grunde liegt. Dieses Modell weist Schwächen auf. Wegen der logistischen item response Funktion lässt es Sätze von Antworten zu, die zwar legitim aber ... view more

'Die Kompetenz- und Anforderungsmessungen in den PISA-Studien beruhen auf dem logistischen Rasch-Modell, welches der probabilistischen Testtheorie zu Grunde liegt. Dieses Modell weist Schwächen auf. Wegen der logistischen item response Funktion lässt es Sätze von Antworten zu, die zwar legitim aber mit den vorgesehenen Parametern nicht auswertbar sind. Es handelt sich um die uniform beantworteten Fragebögen. Mit deren Sonderstellung hängt zusammen, dass die Schätzer für besonders hohe wie auch besonders niedrige Kompetenzen systematisch vom wahren Wert des Parameters abweichen und dass die Fehlerintervalle beliebig groß werden. Dies erschwert die Interpretation der Schätzer sowie die sozialwissenschaftliche Verwendung der Resultate - z.B. in Regressionsanalysen. Es sind aber gerade die oberen und unteren Kompetenzniveaus und Schwierigkeitsstufen, denen das besondere Interesse der Bildungsforschung und Bildungspolitik gilt. Dieses durchaus bekannte Problem wurde bislang formal nicht gelöst. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird gezeigt, dass man es lösen kann, indem man zu einer anderen - der trigonometrischen - item response Funktion übergeht.' (Autorenreferat)... view less


'The attainment of persons and the difficulties of items are measured via the logistic Rasch model which is the basis of probabilistic test theory. This model has a weakness. Due to the logistic item response function it admits sets of answers that - although they are legitimate - cannot be analyzed... view more

'The attainment of persons and the difficulties of items are measured via the logistic Rasch model which is the basis of probabilistic test theory. This model has a weakness. Due to the logistic item response function it admits sets of answers that - although they are legitimate - cannot be analyzed in terms of the parameters of the model. The authors refer to persons that uniformly answer all items either correctly or incorrectly. As a consequence, the estimators of especially high and especially low attainment are systematically biased and the error intervals can become indefinitely large. This obscures the interpretation of the estimators, and makes the results difficult to use in the social sciences. However, the special interest of research and politics is focussed on the upper and lower levels of attainment. The problem is known but has remained unsolved so far. The authors show that one can solve it within the binomial framework of the Rasch model by introducing a new - the so-called trigonometrical - item response function.' (author's abstract)|... view less

Keywords
competence; problem; educational policy; statistical theory of errors; measurement; questionnaire; model comparison; methodology; parameter; educational research; PISA study; qualification requirements; interpretation; estimation

Classification
Sociology of Education
Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods

Method
theory formation; basic research

Document language
German

Publication Year
2006

Page/Pages
p. 10-49

Journal
ZA-Information / Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung (2006) 59

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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