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Learning and the evolution of social systems: an epigenetic perspective

Lernen und die Evolution sozialer Systeme: eine epigenetische Perspektive
[collection article]

Eder, Klaus

Abstract

The theory of epigenetic developments in evolution rests upon two assumptions. First, it refers to developmental processes that decouple biological from genetic evolution. Decoupling evolutionary processes from genetic evolution is even more important for social evolution. Second, it claims that the... view more

The theory of epigenetic developments in evolution rests upon two assumptions. First, it refers to developmental processes that decouple biological from genetic evolution. Decoupling evolutionary processes from genetic evolution is even more important for social evolution. Second, it claims that the development of an organism plays a vital role in evolution. It takes into account the specific role individual development plays in evolution. Thus epigenesis refers to definite evolutionary processes unintelligible within Darwinian theory (Ho and Saunders, 1982). This special characteristic of epigenetic processes restricts the field of random developments in evolution. The Darwinian processes of variation and selection are seen as of secondary relevance for evolution to take place. The logic of evolution is decoupled from Darwinian logic, which thus loses its pre-eminent role in explaining evolutionary sequences. An epigenetic system that organizes individual development as cognitive learning processes (as does the epigenetic system underlying social evolution) changes evolutionary processes in several respects. It changes (1) the tempo of evolution (2) the internal structures that restrict the relevance of selection processes and (3) the conditions that favour learning processes and therefore the innovations that are necessary for social evolution. The central characteristic of social evolution is that society is produced by such cognitive learning processes. Learning processes allow for the self-production (Touraine, 1973) of society. Of central importance to the process of self-production is a special type of cognitive learning, namely moral learning (Fairservis, 1975). Moral development emerges in learning processes specific to the human species, and is therefore considered to be the key variable in a theory of social evolution (Eder, 1976, 1984; Habermas, 1981).... view less


Der Verfasser fragt nach dem Stellenwert der Evolutionstheorie in den Sozialwissenschaften und nach der Rolle des epigenetischen Systems in diesem Zusammenhang. Hierbei spielen Lernprozesse eine besondere Rolle, vor allem eine Spielart des kognitiven Lernens, das moralische Lernen, das als Schlüssel... view more

Der Verfasser fragt nach dem Stellenwert der Evolutionstheorie in den Sozialwissenschaften und nach der Rolle des epigenetischen Systems in diesem Zusammenhang. Hierbei spielen Lernprozesse eine besondere Rolle, vor allem eine Spielart des kognitiven Lernens, das moralische Lernen, das als Schlüsselvariable in der Theorie sozialer Evolution gesehen wird. Gesellschaft ist das Produkt kognitiver Lernprozesse. Der Verfasser entwickelt seine Argumentation zur Rolle der Evolutionstheorie in den Sozialwissenschaften in drei Schritten. Zunächst rekonstruiert er die klassische Version der Erklärung evolutionären Wandels in der Geschichte über genuin soziale Faktoren, über die Konflikte zwischen sozialen Klassen (Marx). In einem zweiten Schritt geht es um die soziale Konstruktion des kognitiven Universums. Als Beispiel dient hier die Entstehung des Staates in den historischen Stammesgesellschaften Angolas. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in einem dritten Schritt die theoretischen Konsequenzen des Axioms einer sozialen Konstitution von Lernprozessen und der gesellschaftlichen Evolution und seine Auswirkungen auf eine Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Evolution diskutiert. (ICE)... view less

Keywords
cognition; social construction; state formation; social system; evolution; Angola; society; learning; sociological theory; evolutionary theory; tribal society; Southern Africa; class antagonism; Marx, K.; cognitive learning theory; social change; developing country

Classification
General Problems, History of the Social Sciences
General Concepts, Major Hypotheses and Major Theories in the Social Sciences
General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories

Method
theory formation; basic research

Free Keywords
social evolution; epigenetic system; learning, social learning; Touraine; Fairservis; Habermas

Collection Title
Evolutionary theory in social science

Editor
Schmid, Michael; Wuketits, Franz M.

Document language
English

Publication Year
1987

Publisher
Reidel

City
Dordrecht et al.

Page/Pages
p. 101-125

ISBN
90-277-2612-4

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.