State Power and the Emergence of Free Movement in Europe: Containing State Control over Human Mobility Since the Late 1940s

Abstract

This article investigates the origins and evolution of the European free movement regime. It argues that free movement emerged as a mechanism to contain state control over human mobility in post-war Europe. The study highlights Germany's pivotal role in advocating for liberal migration policies to rebuild trust and overcome wartime suspicions, contrasting with more restrictive approaches from other states like France and Britain. The article is structured into three main sections: The first section examines the push for free movement driven by Germany's economic and political motives. The second section explores the regime's development within the European Community framework, emphasising the flexibility and differentiation that allowed gradual acceptance by reluctant states. The third section, delves into the persistent tensions and opposition faced by the regime, particularly concerning low-skilled migration, culminating in significant events like Brexit. Through archival records and historical analysis, the article reassesses the free movement regime's trajectory, highlighting the interplay between state power, integration frameworks, and labour market tensions.