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From causes to consequences: Investigating the effects of differentiated integration on citizens' EU support
[journal article]
Abstract Research on differentiated integration has paid considerable attention to its causes. However, we know very little about its consequences. Using the synthetic control method and interactive factor models, this article investigates the effects of differentiated integration on citizens' support for th... view more
Research on differentiated integration has paid considerable attention to its causes. However, we know very little about its consequences. Using the synthetic control method and interactive factor models, this article investigates the effects of differentiated integration on citizens' support for the EU. We find that in cases where member states are granted an opt-out or are allowed to integrate into a policy area they were previously excluded from, support increases. In contrast, support decreases when member states are not granted a requested opt-out or are excluded from a policy area they would like to join. These findings carry important implications for the EU's legitimacy. While differentiated integration has the potential to enhance citizens' legitimacy perceptions, it can also undermine them simultaneously.... view less
Keywords
Europe; EU; EU member state; European integration; legitimacy; public opinion; EU policy; political support; flexibility
Classification
European Politics
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Free Keywords
differentiated integration; EU support; synthetic control method; two-way fixed effects; The Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002 (ed. 2.00) (ZA3521 v2.0.1); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2002.1 (Social Situation in the Countries Applying for European Union Membership) (ZA4153); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2002.2 (ZA3979 v1.0.0); Eurobarometer 58.1 (Oct-Nov 2002) (ZA3693); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2003.1 YouthOVR (Youth in New Europe) (ZA3982 v1.0.0); Eurobarometer 59.1 (Mar-Apr 2003) (ZA3904); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2003.2 (ZA3983 v1.0.0); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2003.4 (ZA3986 v1.0.0); Eurobarometer 60.1 (Oct-Nov 2003) (ZA3938); Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2004.1 (ZA4246); Eurobarometer 62.0 (Oct-Nov 2004) (ZA4229); Eurobarometer 62.2 (Nov-Dec 2004) (ZA4231); Eurobarometer 63.4 (May-Jun 2005) (ZA4411); Eurobarometer 64.2 (Oct-Nov 2005) (ZA4414); Eurobarometer 65.1 (Feb-Mar 2006) (ZA4505); Eurobarometer 65.2 (Mar-May 2006) (ZA4506); Eurobarometer 66.1 (Sep-Oct 2006) (ZA4526); Eurobarometer 67.2 (Apr-May 2007) (ZA4530); Eurobarometer 68.1 (Sep-Nov 2007) (ZA4565); Eurobarometer 69.2 (Mar-May 2008) (ZA4744); Eurobarometer 70.1 (Oct-Nov 2008) (ZA4819); Eurobarometer 71.1 (Jan-Feb 2009) (ZA4971); Eurobarometer 72.4 (Oct-Nov 2009) (ZA4994); Eurobarometer 73.4 (May 2010) (ZA5234); Eurobarometer 74.2 (2010) (ZA5449); Eurobarometer 75.3 (2011) (ZA5481); Eurobarometer 77.3 (2012) (ZA5612); Eurobarometer 77.4 (2012) (ZA5613); Eurobarometer 78.1 (2012) (ZA5685); Eurobarometer 79.5 (2013) (ZA5875); Eurobarometer 82.4 (2014) (ZA5933); Eurobarometer 84.1 (2015) (ZA6596); Flash Eurobarometer 429 (The Euro Area, October 2015) (ZA6651); Eurobarometer 86.1 (2016) (ZA6697); Eurobarometer 87.1 (2017) (ZA6861); Eurobarometer 88.1 (2017) (ZA6925); Eurobarometer 89.2 (2018) (ZA7482); Eurobarometer 90.1 (2018) (ZA7484 v1.0.0); Eurobarometer 91.1 (2019) (ZA7561); Eurobarometer 91.5 (2019) (ZA7576 v1.0.0)
Document language
English
Publication Year
2022
Page/Pages
p. 206-224
Journal
European Union Politics, 24 (2022) 1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165221135742
ISSN
1465-1165
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed