Establishing Innovation Systems in the Global South: Challenges and the Path Forward through South-South Cooperation

Abstract

This paper examines the obstacles and prospects for establishing resilient innovation systems in the Global South. In addition to structural impediments like brain drain, fragile industrial bases, and insufficient legal and cultural frameworks, self-perpetuating polarization along the core-periphery axis and the monopolization of knowledge at the core further constrain these nations’ capacity to establish robust science, technology, and innovation (STI) systems. The document underscores the constraints of North-South partnerships, which frequently intensify prevailing disparities, and accentuates the promise of South-South collaboration as a more equitable and sustainable option. Through the sharing of resources, expertise, and experiences, countries in the Global South may augment their innovation ecosystems, propel regional development, and fortify their standings in global value chains. Customized policies, regional collaboration, and fair international alliances are seen as crucial for the sustained success of innovation systems in the Global South. A proposed model delineates a shared research domain wherein players allocate adaptable budgets and comply with a notion of equitable returns within structured frameworks. This strategy could promote efficient and effective South-South scientific and technological collaboration at both regional and global levels. The BRICS STI Framework initiative can act as a significant reference for analogous regional organizations, enhancing their collaborative models via shared experiences and adaptable frameworks.