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Políticas de protección social y laboral en el Perú: Una espiral de buenas intenciones, malos resultados y peores respuestas

[research report]

Ñopo, Hugo

Corporate Editor
GRADE Group for the Analysis of Development

Abstract

La legislación estipula que, con algunas excepciones, todo trabajador y los miembros de su familia estén cubiertos por una red de protección social que se financia con contribuciones de empleadores y trabajadores. Esta legislación, en gran medida, se incumple; y, en otra medida, tiene excepciones. C... view more

La legislación estipula que, con algunas excepciones, todo trabajador y los miembros de su familia estén cubiertos por una red de protección social que se financia con contribuciones de empleadores y trabajadores. Esta legislación, en gran medida, se incumple; y, en otra medida, tiene excepciones. Como resultado, la mayoría de los trabajadores no gozan de protección social contributiva. La demanda por tal protección es, entonces, satisfecha por otros medios: las familias y el Estado. Sin embargo, cuando el Estado provee protección social para quienes no la obtuvieron formalmente en el mercado laboral, introduce distorsiones: los incentivos para contribuir a una protección social que provenga de las relaciones laborales se reducen. Esto es especialmente relevante en los empleos de baja productividad. Como reacción a esto último, el Estado ha ido creando regímenes especiales de contribución a la protección social, con tasas reducidas para los autoempleados y para las micro- y pequeñas empresas - y, en algunos casos, también creando exenciones. Estos regímenes especiales no solo han sido poco efectivos en su objetivo de proveer protección social, sino que han traído distorsiones adicionales: las empresas enfrentan incentivos en contra de su crecimiento. Así, se forma una espiral de buenas intenciones que no se materializan en los resultados deseados, que inducen a soluciones parciales, que traen nuevos problemas y que, al final de cuentas, llevan a la sociedad a un equilibro de baja protección social y baja productividad. En ese equilibrio, la sociedad desarrolla un conjunto de comportamientos que alimentan la informalidad: comprar sin factura, negociar contratos laborales no contributivos con los empleadores, etcétera. La solución a este problema debería apuntar a su foco: la legislación laboral.... view less


The legislation stipulates that, with some exceptions, every worker and their family members are covered by a social safety net that is financed by contributions from employers and workers. This legislation, to a large extent, is violated; and, to another extent, it has exceptions. As a result, most... view more

The legislation stipulates that, with some exceptions, every worker and their family members are covered by a social safety net that is financed by contributions from employers and workers. This legislation, to a large extent, is violated; and, to another extent, it has exceptions. As a result, most workers do not enjoy contributory social protection. The demand for such protection is then satisfied by other means: families and the State. However, when the State provides social protection for those who did not obtain it formally in the labor market, it introduces distortions: the incentives to contribute to social protection that comes from labor relations are reduced. This is especially relevant in low-productivity jobs. As a reaction to the latter, the State has been creating special schemes to contribute to social protection, with reduced rates for the self-employed and for micro- and small enterprises - and, in some cases, also creating exemptions. These special regimes have not only been ineffective in their objective of providing social protection, but have also brought additional distortions: companies face incentives against their growth. Thus, a spiral of good intentions is formed that do not materialize in the desired results, that induce partial solutions, that bring new problems and that, in the end, lead society to a balance of low social protection and low productivity . In this balance, society develops a set of behaviors that fuel informality: buying without an invoice, negotiating non-contributory labor contracts with employers, and so on. The solution to this problem should point to your focus: labor law.... view less

Keywords
Peru; labor; social policy; occupational safety; incentive; social insurance; combating poverty; social assistance

Classification
Social Security
Working Conditions

Free Keywords
informalidad; protección social; incentivos; informality; social protection; incentives

Document language
Spanish

Publication Year
2021

City
Lima

Page/Pages
118 p.

Series
Documentos de Investigación, 115

ISBN
978-612-4374-41-8

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0


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Home  |  Legal notices  |  Operational concept  |  Privacy policy
© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.