Science-Based Solutions for a Shared and Sustainable Future in the Belt and Road Initiative

Abstract

Addressing common challenges for a shared and sustainable future in the Belt and Road region requires significant contributions from science, technology, and innovation. Green technologies, smart energy systems, and sustainable urbanization are among the central points of emphasis in the development plans of China and Turkey. Based on the Beijing Declaration, the Alliance of International Science Organizations was launched to support the region with science-based solutions. This study compares a sample of countries in this alliance based on research capacity as well as selected indicators under the Sustainable Development Goals. An original approach is then developed to compare knowledge production patterns across linkages in the goals based on combined searches that are visualized with chord diagrams. The results indicate the goals that are receiving more focus within knowledge production, including sustainable cities. Expected increases in urbanization are compared leading to the year 2050, and collaborative research projects that are supported by the alliance are discussed in connection with their contributions for sustainable development alongside new scientific interactions. The article concludes with evidence-based observations regarding research capacity in the Belt and Road region and opportunities for further strengthening solutions based on science, technology, and innovation now and in the decades ahead.