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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102091

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"You can't always get what you want": Prevalence, magnitude, and predictors of the aspiration-attainment gap after the school-to-work transition

[journal article]

Nießen, Désirée
Wicht, Alexandra
Schoon, Ingrid
Lechner, Clemens

Abstract

This study examined the prevalence, magnitude, and predictors of the aspiration-attainment gap (AAG) after the school-to-work transition. We operationalized the AAG as the discrepancy between the socioeconomic status (SES) of young people’s realistic occupational aspirations and that of the position... view more

This study examined the prevalence, magnitude, and predictors of the aspiration-attainment gap (AAG) after the school-to-work transition. We operationalized the AAG as the discrepancy between the socioeconomic status (SES) of young people’s realistic occupational aspirations and that of the position they actually attained. As a case in point, we investigated non-college-bound students transitioning into a vocational education and training (VET) position in Germany. Our aims were twofold: first, to establish how many students experience an AAG of what size; second, to identify characteristics that predict whether students experience an AAG. We considered sociostructural characteristics, cognitive ability and school grades, and Big Five personality traits as predictors (i.e., potential determinants) of the AAG. Analyses in a representative sample (N = 2,478) of intermediate secondary school (Realschule) students/graduates from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; Starting Cohort 4) revealed that 45.9% of students experienced an AAG. Two-part regression models showed that the level of aspirations was the strongest predictor of the experience and size of an AAG, followed by school grades. Aspirations also mediated the effects of several other predictors, most importantly parental SES and school grades. Parental SES, female gender, and Emotional Stability had contradictory effects: They indirectly increased the risk of experiencing an AAG by raising aspirations, but at the same time they lowered this risk by directly increasing attainment. Overall, our results suggest that the AAG during the transition from school to VET is a widespread experience among students in Germany that is worthy of further investigation.... view less


Die Autor*innen untersuchten die Prävalenz, Größe und Prädiktoren der Aspiration-Attainment-Gap (AAG) im sozialen Status unter Realschulabsolventen nach dem Übergang der Schule in die Berufsausbildung in Deutschland. Die AAG misst die Fähigkeit, Berufsaspirationen zu realisieren. Die zentralen Erken... view more

Die Autor*innen untersuchten die Prävalenz, Größe und Prädiktoren der Aspiration-Attainment-Gap (AAG) im sozialen Status unter Realschulabsolventen nach dem Übergang der Schule in die Berufsausbildung in Deutschland. Die AAG misst die Fähigkeit, Berufsaspirationen zu realisieren. Die zentralen Erkenntnisse lauten: (1) Die AAG ist ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen: Knapp die Hälfte der Stichprobe erlebte eine AAG unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes in dem Sinne, dass sie ein berufliches Attainment mit einem niedrigeren sozialen Status als dem ihrer Aspirationen erreichten. (2) Die Höhe der Aspirationen war der wichtigste Prädiktor für ein höheres Risiko einer AAG. Diejenigen, die ihre Ziele hoch setzen, können weit zurückfallen. Dabei handelte es sich meist um Schulabgänger aus privilegierten Verhältnissen (d.h. mit einem höheren Bildungsniveau sowie höheren familiären und individuellen Ressourcen). (3) Interessanterweise sagte dieselbe Gruppe von Merkmalen aus privilegierten Verhältnissen auch ein geringeres Risiko für eine AAG voraus, unabhängig von der Höhe der Aspirationen, indem sie die Ressourcen bereitstellen, die zur Erreichung höherer Aspirationen erforderlich sind. Da die AAG mit negativen Folgen, insbesondere für das Wohlbefinden und die Motivation, einhergeht, ist es wichtig, geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um Jugendlichen dabei zu helfen, sich realistische Ziele zu setzen und diese unabhängig von ihrer Ressourcenausstattung zu verfolgen.... view less

Keywords
school graduate; career aspiration; future perspective; Federal Republic of Germany; occupational choice; vocational education; intermediate school; social inequality; social status

Classification
General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories
Personality Psychology

Free Keywords
Aspirations; Attainment; School-to-work transition; Vocational education and training (VET); German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort 4 (doi:10.5157/NEPS:SC4:9.1.1)

Document language
English

Publication Year
2022

Page/Pages
p. 1-16

Journal
Contemporary Educational Psychology (2022) 71

ISSN
1090-2384

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.