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Remittances, criminal violence and voter turnout
[journal article]
Abstract How do financial remittances influence electoral participation in violent democracies? Previous work has focused on the 'substitution effect'; if recipients depend on remittances for welfare rather than the state, they become disengaged from formal political processes and less likely to vote in elec... view more
How do financial remittances influence electoral participation in violent democracies? Previous work has focused on the 'substitution effect'; if recipients depend on remittances for welfare rather than the state, they become disengaged from formal political processes and less likely to vote in elections. However, while remittances can be used to substitute for state provision of welfare goods, they cannot fully substitute for public security. In this paper, we posit that the ability of governments to contain crime and violence conditions the effect of remittances on electoral participation. Specifically, we argue that high levels of crime can negate the substitution effect and make remittance recipients more likely to vote. Using municipality-level data from Mexico and individual-level data from Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, we find that both the receipt of remittances and crime exposure significantly reduce individuals' propensity to vote and that aggregate remittances and crime rates are correlated with lower turnout. Remittances can, however, negate the turnout-suppressing effects of crime, and crime can negate the turnout-suppressing effects of remittances. Our results suggest a need to account for government provision of both substitutable and non-substitutable goods when investigating the effects of remittances on political participation.... view less
Keywords
Latin America; Africa South of the Sahara; Mexico; comparative research; politics; national state; political participation; election; voter turnout; election research; democracy; transfer of money; criminality; violence
Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Document language
English
Publication Year
2021
Page/Pages
p. 1349-1374
Journal
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47 (2021) 6
Issue topic
Mexico's Violent Democracy and Its Migrants
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1623294
ISSN
1469-9451
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed