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The salience of comparison standards and the activation of social norms: consequences for judgments of happiness and their communications

Die Augenfälligkeit von Vergleichsstandards und die Aktivierung von sozialen Normen.
[working paper]

Strack, Fritz
Schwarz, Norbert
Chassein, Brigitte
Kern, Dieter
Wagner, Dirk

Corporate Editor
Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen -ZUMA-

Abstract

'Zwei Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, in denen Berichte über das eigene subjektive Wohlbefinden beeinflußt werden a) durch die Augenfälligkeit eines Vergleichsstandards und b) durch die Aktivierung einer sozialen Norm im Kontext der Urteilsabgabe. Wir fanden, daß sich die Versuchspersonen in Anw... view more

'Zwei Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, in denen Berichte über das eigene subjektive Wohlbefinden beeinflußt werden a) durch die Augenfälligkeit eines Vergleichsstandards und b) durch die Aktivierung einer sozialen Norm im Kontext der Urteilsabgabe. Wir fanden, daß sich die Versuchspersonen in Anwesenheit einer anderen Person, der es vergleichsweise schlechter ging, als glücklicher einschätzten. Dieser Kontrasteffekt trat verstärkt auf, wenn die Aufmerksamkeit der Vpn beim Ausfüllen des Fragebogens durch ein natürliches Sitzarrangement auf die Vergleichsperson gerichtet war. Die Ergebnisse des zweiten Experiments, in dem die Darbietungsform der Befragung (anonym vs. offen) und der offensichtliche Gesundheitszustand der Vergleichsperson (körperbehindert oder nicht) variiert wurde, zeigen, daß solche vergleichende Urteile nicht geäußert werden, wenn die Antworten dem körperbehinderten Versuchsteilnehmer gegenüber offen geäußert werden müssen. Zusammengenommen machen beide Untersuchungen deutlich, daß kognitive und kommunikative Prozesse gleichermaßen beachtet werden müssen, um die Determinanten von Urteilen des subjektiven Wohlbefindens zu verstehen.' (Autorenreferat)... view less


'Two studies were conducted in which subjects' reports of their own happiness were influenced a) by the salience of comparison standards and b) by the social norm that was activated in the context of communicating those judgments. It was found that the presence of another person who was relatively w... view more

'Two studies were conducted in which subjects' reports of their own happiness were influenced a) by the salience of comparison standards and b) by the social norm that was activated in the context of communicating those judgments. It was found that the presence of another person who was relatively worse off led to more positive judgments of the subjects' own happiness. This contrast effect was increased when subjects' attention was directed toward the comparison person by a natural seating arrangement at the time the questionnaire had to be filled out. The results of the second study in which the mode of administration (private vs. public) and the apparent state of health of the comparison person were varied (physically handicapped or not), show that such contrastive judgments may not be uttered when the judgment has to be reported to the handicapped confederate. Taken together, these studies demonstrate how both cognitive and communicative mechanisms must be taken into account to understand the determinants of judgments of subjective well-being.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
cognition; zone; social perception; communication; satisfaction; subjectivity; social norm; comparison; happiness; judgment formation

Classification
Social Psychology
Psychology

Method
empirical

Document language
English

Publication Year
1989

City
Mannheim

Page/Pages
30 p.

Series
ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht, 1989/11

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.