SSOAR Logo
    • Deutsch
    • English
  • English 
    • Deutsch
    • English
  • Login
SSOAR ▼
  • Home
  • About SSOAR
  • Guidelines
  • Publishing in SSOAR
  • Cooperating with SSOAR
    • Cooperation models
    • Delivery routes and formats
    • Projects
  • Cooperation partners
    • Information about cooperation partners
  • Information
    • Possibilities of taking the Green Road
    • Grant of Licences
    • Download additional information
  • Operational concept
Browse and search Add new document OAI-PMH interface
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

Download PDF
Download full text

(9.811Mb)

Citation Suggestion

Please use the following Persistent Identifier (PID) to cite this document:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-66479

Exports for your reference manager

Bibtex export
Endnote export

Display Statistics
Share
  • Share via E-Mail E-Mail
  • Share via Facebook Facebook
  • Share via Bluesky Bluesky
  • Share via Reddit reddit
  • Share via Linkedin LinkedIn
  • Share via XING XING

Base-rates, representativeness, and the logic of conversation

[research report]

Schwarz, Norbert
Strack, Fritz
Hilton, Denis
Naderer, Gabi

Corporate Editor
Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen -ZUMA-

Abstract

Die Studie befaßt sich mit dem Unterschied zwischen dem sozialen Alltagsgespräch und der experimentellen Befragungssituation. Es wird angenommen, daß das Alltagsgespräch nach bestimmten Prinzipien ('co-operative' and 'relevance' principles) abläuft, die für beide Gesprächspartner in verbindlicher We... view more

Die Studie befaßt sich mit dem Unterschied zwischen dem sozialen Alltagsgespräch und der experimentellen Befragungssituation. Es wird angenommen, daß das Alltagsgespräch nach bestimmten Prinzipien ('co-operative' and 'relevance' principles) abläuft, die für beide Gesprächspartner in verbindlicher Weise einen relevanten, wahrheitsgetreuen und gehaltvollen Informationsaustausch garantieren. Diese Prinzipien werden im experimentellen Gespräch durch den Forscher verletzt. Zwei Experimente, die mit 44 Studenten an der Universität Heidelberg und 48 Studenten der University of Illinois durchgeführt wurden, sollten beweisen, daß Versuchspersonen, denen weder informative noch relevante Inhalte vermittelt wurden, sich bei ihrem Antwortverhalten von den durch Psychologen vermittelten persönlichen Informationen und nicht von statistischen Informationen leiten ließen, selbst wenn die statistischen Daten einen höheren diagnostischen Wert besaßen. Dies entspricht ganz den Regeln der sozialen Gesprächsführung (denn nur Psychologen, nicht Computer vermögen sich den Konversationsregeln anzupassen) und kann nur in der Weise interpretiert werden, daß Versuchspersonen der ihnen dargebotenen Information eine Relevanz aus dem sozialen Kontext der Situation heraus zuordnen. (ML)... view less


'According to the co-operative principle of social discourse, listeners expect speakers to be relevant, truthful, and informative. The apparent overreliance of individuals on non-diagnostic person information at the expense of base-rate information is shown to be, in part, due to the violation of th... view more

'According to the co-operative principle of social discourse, listeners expect speakers to be relevant, truthful, and informative. The apparent overreliance of individuals on non-diagnostic person information at the expense of base-rate information is shown to be, in part, due to the violation of this principle in experiments on judgmental biases. In these experiments, subjects are presented information that is neither informative nor relevant, in a communicative context that suggests otherwise. Accordingly, subjects relied more on individuating personality information and less on base-rate information when the personality information was presented by a psychologist rather than compiled by a computer, presumably because a human communicator but not a computer is supposed to conform to conversational norms. Moreover, subjects relied more on individuating information when the framing of the task implied that psychologists provided correct estimates than when it implied that statisticians provided correct estimates; and when the individuating rather than the base-rate information was varied as a within subjects factor.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
cognition; scientist; attitude; conversation; standard; assessment; moderation of discussion; experiment

Classification
Social Psychology
Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods

Method
empirical

Document language
English

Publication Year
1987

City
Mannheim

Page/Pages
23,3 p.

Series
ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht, 1987/10

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


GESIS LogoDFG LogoOpen Access Logo
Home  |  Legal notices  |  Operational concept  |  Privacy policy
© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.
 

 


GESIS LogoDFG LogoOpen Access Logo
Home  |  Legal notices  |  Operational concept  |  Privacy policy
© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.