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The context paradox in attitude surveys: assimilation or contrast?

[research report]

Strack, Fritz
Martin, Leonhard L.
Schwarz, Norbert

Corporate Editor
Zentrum für Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen -ZUMA-

Abstract

Die Autoren untersuchen mit Hilfe dreier Experimente, unter welchen Bedingungen Antworten auf eine allgemeiner formulierte Frage ähnlicher ('part-whole-assimilation') oder unähnlicher ('part-whole-contrast') in bezug zu den Antworten auf eine folgende spezifischer formulierte Frage werden. Als Exper... view more

Die Autoren untersuchen mit Hilfe dreier Experimente, unter welchen Bedingungen Antworten auf eine allgemeiner formulierte Frage ähnlicher ('part-whole-assimilation') oder unähnlicher ('part-whole-contrast') in bezug zu den Antworten auf eine folgende spezifischer formulierte Frage werden. Als Experimente sind an der Universität Illinois und Mannheim Befragungen von Studenten zu studentischen Belangen durchgeführt worden. Es wurde vermutet, daß das Fragen mit einer spezifischen Fragestellung die kognitive Zugänglichkeit zur gefragten Information erhöht. Die Antwort auf die nachfolgende allgemeine Frage könnte danach teilweise auf derselben Information beruhen und zur ähnlichen Antwort führen. Es zeigte sich, daß in Übertragung von Prinzipien der Alltagskommunikation, nach denen der Kommunikator Redundanz vermeiden sollte, die spezifische Information oft nicht mitgeteilt wird. Daraus läßt sich folgern, daß, wenn beide Fragen als zusammen gehörend wahrgenommen werden, die Antworten uneinheitlich werden. Die Autoren beschreiben die Bedingungen, unter denen die Effekte identifiziert und experimentell manipuliert worden sind und diskutieren die Fragebogengestaltung. (HN2)... view less


'Three experiments were conducted to determine under which conditions responses to a general question become more similar to ('part-whole assimilation') or more dissimilar from ('part-whole contrast') responses to a preceding specific question. The results suggest that asking a specific question inc... view more

'Three experiments were conducted to determine under which conditions responses to a general question become more similar to ('part-whole assimilation') or more dissimilar from ('part-whole contrast') responses to a preceding specific question. The results suggest that asking a specific question increases the cognitive accessibility of the information used to answer it. The answer to the subsequent general question will therefore be based in part on the same information, resulting in similar responses. The highly accessible specific information, however, will not always be used. Most importantly, central principles of conversation urge communicators to be informative and to avoid redundancy. Therefore, if both questions are perceived as belonging together, the previously activated will be disregarded, which results in dissimilar pesponses to the general question. The conditions under which these effects occur are identified and experimentally manipulated, and the implications for questionnaire design are discussed.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
attitude; survey; data collection method; measurement; questionnaire; development; response behavior

Classification
Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods

Method
empirical; development of methods; basic research

Document language
English

Publication Year
1987

City
Mannheim

Page/Pages
33,3 p.

Series
ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht, 1987/07

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.