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Phasen des holozänen Klimawandels und kulturgeschichtliche Wirkungen in Südwest-Bulgarien

Phases of the holocene climate change and the impact it has on the cultural history development in Southwest Bulgaria
[journal article]

Grunewald, Karsten
Scheithauer, Jörg

Abstract

Für Südosteuropa wird am Beispiel Südwest-Bulgariens die Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung als kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Klimadynamik und kulturhistorischer Entwicklung aufgezeigt. Unsere heutige Kulturlandschaft hat ihre Wurzeln im Naturpotenzial, welches Gunst- und Ungunstfaktoren der menschlichen Nutz... view more

Für Südosteuropa wird am Beispiel Südwest-Bulgariens die Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung als kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Klimadynamik und kulturhistorischer Entwicklung aufgezeigt. Unsere heutige Kulturlandschaft hat ihre Wurzeln im Naturpotenzial, welches Gunst- und Ungunstfaktoren der menschlichen Nutzung bestimmt. Das Klima stellt dabei einen entscheidenden Regelfaktor dar. In historischen und prähistorischen Zeiten geringerer Bevölkerungsdichte waren wärmere Klimaperioden stets Gunstzeiten für die Bevölkerung, insbesondere in gebirgigen Regionen wie Südosteuropa. Hochgebirge im Übergangsbereich vom gemäßigten zum mediterranen Klimagebiet werden als besonders anfällig für die aktuellen globalen Veränderungen angesehen. Geringfügige Temperaturveränderungen verschieben Anbaugrenzen, verändern das Abflussregime der Flüsse oder beeinträchtigen die geomorphologische Stabilität. Klimaverbesserungen und gesellschaftliche Impulse in Europa konnten vor allem für das Atlantikum, das Subatlantikum und für die jüngere Neuzeit verzeichnet werden. Dies ist auch für Südosteuropa belegbar. Im Subatlantikum und im frühen Mittelalter (500-700/1100-1300 AD) haben in SW-Bulgarien optimale Bedingungen für Vegetations- und Bodenentwicklung in Höhenlagen geherrscht, die heute deutlich über der Waldgrenze liegen. Auffällig ist die Synchronität mit Blütezeiten gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung (1. und 2. Bulgarenstaat). Klimaverschlechterungen traten im Subboreal und während der "Kleinen Eiszeit" auf, Zeiten, in denen in Bulgarien die kulturhistorische Entwicklung stagnierte. Letztlich lagen die Temperaturschwankungen im Postglazial aber in einem relativ engen Korridor von ± 2°C. (Autorenreferat)... view less


This article uses the example of Southwest Bulgaria to demonstrate the relationship between people and their environment in South-East Europe as a causal connection between the dynamics of the climate and development of cultural history. Our present cultural landscape has its roots in the natural po... view more

This article uses the example of Southwest Bulgaria to demonstrate the relationship between people and their environment in South-East Europe as a causal connection between the dynamics of the climate and development of cultural history. Our present cultural landscape has its roots in the natural potential that dictates the factors having a favourable or unfavourable impact on its use by humans. Climate is one of the key regulating factors here. Warmer climatic periods were always the best times for people in historical and prehistorical times of low population density, in particular in mountainous regions such as South-East Europe. The high mountains in transition from moderate to the Mediterranean climatic zone are deemed particularly susceptible for the current global changes. Slight temperature changes shift the borders of cultivation, change the drainage regime of rivers or impair geomorphological stability. There have been climate improvements and social impulses in Europe especially for the Atlantic period, the Sub-Atlantic period and the early Modern Times, which can also be demonstrated for South-East Europe. There have been optimum conditions for the development of vegetation and soil in the heights of Southwest Bulgaria in the Sub-Atlantic period and the early Middle Ages (500-700/1100-1300 AD) that are clearly above the border of the forest. What is peculiar is the synchronity of periods when social development has flourished (i.e., the first and second state of the Bulgarians). There was a deterioration in the climate during the Subboreal period and during the "Little Ice Age". These are times when the development of Bulgaria's cultural history stagnated. Recently, the temperature fluctuations in the post glacial period were in a relatively tight corridor of ± 2° C. (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
Bulgaria; Southeastern Europe; society; climate; climate change; settlement; historical development; cultural history; human-environment relationship

Classification
Ecology, Environment
Area Development Planning, Regional Research
Social History, Historical Social Research

Free Keywords
Gebirgsregion; Holozän

Document language
German

Publication Year
2007

Page/Pages
p. 2-13

Journal
Europa Regional, 15.2007 (2007) 1

ISSN
0943-7142

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.