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%T Culture, self and the emergence of reactance: is there a “universal” freedom? %A Jonas, Eva %A Graupmann, Verena %A Kayser, Daniela Niesta %A Zanna, Mark %A Traut-Mattausch, Eva %A Frey, Dieter %J Journal of Experimental Social Psychology %N 5 %P 1068-1080 %V 45 %D 2009 %K Reactance theory; culture; self %= 2012-06-19T10:35:00Z %~ http://www.peerproject.eu/ %> https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-309880 %X In this article we suggest that independent vs. interdependent aspects of the self yield different manifestations of psychological reactance and that this is especially relevant in a cross-cultural context. In Studies 1, 2 and 4 we showed that people from collectivistic cultural backgrounds (individuals holding more interdependent attitudes and values) were less sensitive to a threat to their individual freedom than people from individualistic cultural backgrounds (individuals holding more independent attitudes and values), but more sensitive if their collective freedom was threatened. In Study 3 we activated independent vs. interdependent attitudes and values utilizing a cognitive priming method and yielded similar results as the other studies hinting at the important causal role of self-related aspects in understanding reactance in a cross-cultural context. %G en %9 journal article %W GESIS - http://www.gesis.org %~ SSOAR - http://www.ssoar.info