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Entwicklungen von Drogenproblemen und Drogenpolitik in Großbritannien

The evolution of drug problems and drug policies in the United Kingdom
[journal article]

Pearson, Geoffrey

Abstract

'In Großbritannien sind die durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen verursachten Probleme erst spät zu einem öffentlichen Thema geworden. Der medizinische Konsum von Opium war im 19. Jahrhundert bekannt und mit dem Ersten Weltkrieg gab es eine kurze Episode des Kokainkonsums. Seit den 1920er Jahren führte... view more

'In Großbritannien sind die durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen verursachten Probleme erst spät zu einem öffentlichen Thema geworden. Der medizinische Konsum von Opium war im 19. Jahrhundert bekannt und mit dem Ersten Weltkrieg gab es eine kurze Episode des Kokainkonsums. Seit den 1920er Jahren führte das System des Rolleston-Komitees zu einem bemerkenswert niedrigen Niveau der Drogenabhängigkeit, aber das so genannte Britische System fand seinen Niedergang Ende der 1960er Jahre. Billiges Heroin aus dem Iran und Afghanistan wurde verfügbar, und das Rauchen von Heroin verbreitete sich insbesondere unter arbeitslosen Jugendlichen in Nordengland (Thatcher Ära). In den 1980er Jahren entwickelte sich die Strategie der Risikominimierung mit dem Ziel der Bekämpfung der Ausbreitung von HIV/ AIDS (Nadelaustausch). Gleichzeitig verschob sich die politische Agenda stärker in Richtung auf Kriminalitätskontrolle, wobei davon ausgegangen wurde, dass ein Drittel der kriminellen Delikte mit dem Konsum illegaler Drogen verbunden sei. Allerdings bleibt Cannabis die am meisten konsumierte Droge mit etwa 3-5 Millionen regelmäßigen Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen, wobei sich diese Zahl zu reduzieren scheint, auch wenn man hierfür bislang keine Gründe angeben kann.' (Autorenreferat)... view less


'Britain was something of a late developer in terms of problems with illicit drugs. The use of opium and morphine in various medicinal products was not unknown in the 19th century, and during the 1914-18 War there was a brief episode of cocaine use. However, after the adoption of the Rolleston commi... view more

'Britain was something of a late developer in terms of problems with illicit drugs. The use of opium and morphine in various medicinal products was not unknown in the 19th century, and during the 1914-18 War there was a brief episode of cocaine use. However, after the adoption of the Rolleston committee system in the 1920s, the level of drug addiction remained remarkably low but the so-called 'British system' broke down in the late 1960s. Heroin in cheap and plentiful supply became suddenly available from Iran and Afghanistan. The habit of 'chasing the dragon' spread like a whirlwind among the young unemployed (this was the Thatcher's period) in many towns and cities in the north of England. A dominant policy response to this epidemic from the late 1980s onwards was the promotion of 'harm reduction' strategies to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS (such as needle exchange schemes). The policy agenda has also shifted, away towards a crime-control approach with one-third or more of crime being estimated to be drug-related, especially to heroin and Crack-cocaine. The most commonly used drug in Britain remains cannabis, with probably 3-5 million regular users, and quite recently the penalties for cannabis possession have been reduced; and since then the level of cannabis use has fallen a little. But why is unknown.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
AIDS; Asia; delict; consumption; Middle East; consumer; drug policy; adolescent; smoking; drug dependence; Great Britain; twentieth century; nineteenth century

Classification
Social Problems
Health Policy

Method
applied research; empirical; historical

Document language
German

Publication Year
2009

Page/Pages
p. 37-56

Journal
Soziale Probleme, 20 (2009) 1/2

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.