Comparative integration context theory: participation and belonging in new diverse European cities

Abstract

Drawing upon results from the TIES survey on the second generation in eight European countries the authors propose a new perspective on integration or assimilation. The proposed comparative integration context theory argues that participation in social organizations and belonging to local communities across European cities is strongly dependent on the integration context. Differences in integration contexts include institutional arrangements in education, the labour market, housing, religion and in legislation. Differences in the social and political context are especially important for social and cultural participation and belonging. The TIES data show high degrees of local involvement in the second gen-eration and the dwindling centrality of single ethnic belongings – a reflection of the dra-matically changing ethnic and (sub) cultural landscapes in cities in Europe. This article challenges established notions of 'newcomers' and 'natives', explores the remaking of the mainstream and argues to investigate mobility pathways to better understand integration or assimilation processes.