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@article{ Ingham2009,
 title = {Regional Unemployment in Poland: Rural-Urban Contrasts},
 author = {Ingham, Hilary and Ingham, Mike and Herbst, Jan},
 journal = {Applied Economics},
 pages = {1175-1186},
 year = {2009},
 issn = {1466-4283},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840802600293},
 urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-242695},
 abstract = {Unemployment continues to bedevil Poland, albeit with striking sub-national differences, which this paper seeks to explain using random effects error component two-stage estimation for the country’s NUTS 4 level powiats. Given the economy’s peculiar configuration under communism, with its large private agricultural sector, emphasis is placed on rural-urban differences. While less densely populated areas do suffer higher unemployment rates, the effect is moderated by hidden unemployment in farming. On the other hand, powiats that housed the ex-state farms suffer a negative long-term legacy. Other notable results include an evident positive impact of foreign capital on local labour market fortunes.},
}