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@article{ Holmes2009,
 title = {An analysis of new firm survival using a hazard function},
 author = {Holmes, Phil and Hunt, Andrew John and Stone, Ian},
 journal = {Applied Economics},
 number = {2},
 pages = {185-195},
 volume = {42},
 year = {2009},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701579234},
 urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-241494},
 abstract = {A unique dataset is used to provide a detailed examination of the survival of newly-established manufacturing firms in north-east England. Using data on 781 firms established between 1973 and 2001, log-logistic hazard models are estimated separately for (i) micro-enterprises and (ii) small and medium establishments (SMEs). Both micro-enterprises and SMEs show clear evidence of positive duration dependence, followed by negative duration dependence.  We find the two firm types are differentially affected by firm-specific and macroeconomic variables.  Increases in initial plant size impact negatively on micro-enterprise survival and positively on SME survival.},
}