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@article{ Wood2005,
 title = {Direct Involvement, Representation and Employee Voice in UK Multinationals in Europe},
 author = {Wood, Stephen J. and Fenton-O’Creevy, Mark P.},
 journal = {European Journal of Industrial Relations},
 number = {1},
 pages = {27-50},
 volume = {11},
 year = {2005},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680105050399},
 urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-222483},
 abstract = {Direct involvement methods are often seen as heralding a new industrial                    relations in which employee voice is weaker than in systems based on unions or                    works councils. We test this argument through an empirical study across the                    European operations of 25 multinationals with headquarters in the UK and find                    that this is true only when direct voice is used in isolation. Such systems are                    not uncommon, but more often direct voice coexists with union and other                    representative channels. It is the variability in the relationship between three                    channels (direct, representative committee and union) that is significant. This                    confirms that institutions matter, but we conclude that the subject of                    industrial relations needs to focus more on the interplay between different                    voice mechanisms.},
}