Coordination in scaling actor constellations: the advantages of small–world networks

Abstract

"The emergence of order in systems with many actors or agents is an interesting problem for sociology as well as for computer science. Both disciplines can contribute equally to its examination. In this article sociology provides a solution for 'situation of double contingency' referring to Niklas Luhmann's theory of autopoietical systems. This is a coordination problem in social systems. First of all computer science can contribute techniques from the field of simulation. With these techniques it is possible to examine current as well as non–existing or no longer existing environments. Observations of the latter make it possible to draw further conclusions on the importance of the currently existing environment. At last computer science can utilise this knowledge about social processes especially in the domain of multi–agent systems. Starting the from sociological theory of the dyadic 'situation of double contingency' as mentioned above, our main focus is on large actor populations and their capability to produce order depending on different actors' constellations. Based on the theory for dyadic actor constellations we present our model of the actor. We do not want the actors to identify one another, so we do not need to modify this model if we scale up population size next and introduce constellations. Thereby we take regular, random and small–world constellations into account. After describing our measures of order we study emergence of order in different constellations for varying population sizes. By means of simulation experiments we show that systems with small–worlds exhibit highest order on large populations which gently decreases on increasing population sizes." (author's abstract)