Multi-level governance, regions and science in France: between competition and equality

Abstract

This article examines the relevance of the concept of multi-level governance to understand changes in science policy in France. It explores the emergence of a pattern of multi-level governance, particularly in the arenas of negotiations between national and regional levels. It underlines the compromises made between the principles of competition and equality, and reveals the diversity across regions as for the capacities to develop bottom-up strategies for science-based development. It highlights the prerequisites for the development of a multi-level polity, particularly the key role that central government retains in the global design of science policy.