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Zirkuläre Arbeitsmigration in Westafrika und die "Kultur der Migration"

Circular labor migration in West Africa and the "culture of migration"
[journal article]

Hahn, Hans Peter

Abstract

Lange Zeit hat sich die Migrationsforschung in Westafrika von der Suche nach ökonomischen Migrationsfaktoren am Herkunfts- oder am Zielort leiten lassen. Die Frage, warum Migration trotz mangelndem ökonomischen Erfolgs fortgesetzt wird und sogar zunimmt, konnte dabei nicht geklärt werden. Angesichts... view more

Lange Zeit hat sich die Migrationsforschung in Westafrika von der Suche nach ökonomischen Migrationsfaktoren am Herkunfts- oder am Zielort leiten lassen. Die Frage, warum Migration trotz mangelndem ökonomischen Erfolgs fortgesetzt wird und sogar zunimmt, konnte dabei nicht geklärt werden. Angesichts der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Mobilität im Kontext der Globalisierung wird die Frage, welcher ethnographische Zugang zur Erforschung der Migration zu wählen ist, besonders wichtig. Eine populäre Reaktion ist die Modifikation der teilnehmenden Beobachtung hin zur von George Marcus vorgestellten "multisited ethnography". Im Wettstreit der Methoden zwischen stationärer und multizentrierter Feldforschung ist den Fragen der kulturellen Einbettung und der Identität der Migranten höchste Priorität einzuräumen. Anhand der Gegenüberstellung von Studien von Charles Piot sowie Meyer Fortes und anhand einer Fallstudie des Autors wird begründet, warum Fragen zur Migration zunächst mit Hilfe stationärer Feldforschung zu klären sind. Ein Schlüssel dafür ist das Konzept der Kultur der Migration, das einen Fokus auf die Perspektive der Zurückgebliebenen und auf die sich wandelnde Identität der Migranten legt.... view less


For a long time migration research in West Africa has been dominated by the study of economic factors at the places of migration origin and destination. The question as to why migration continues and even goes up in the face of economic failure cannot be successfully explained on the basis of this m... view more

For a long time migration research in West Africa has been dominated by the study of economic factors at the places of migration origin and destination. The question as to why migration continues and even goes up in the face of economic failure cannot be successfully explained on the basis of this model. Taking into account the increasing significance of mobility within the context of globalization, it is particularly important to choose the appropriate ethnographic approach for migration research. A popular reaction is the modification of participant observation, leading to the method of "multi-sited ethnography" introduced by George Marcus. However, in the contest of methods between stationary and multi-centred field research, the questions of cultural embedding at the places of migration origin and the identity of migrants needs to be granted high priority. By comparing the studies of Charles Piot and Meyer Fortes it is demonstrated that questions about migration motives need to be clarified in the first instance by stationary field research. Further evidence is provided by a case study carried out by the author in Burkina Faso. The key to future migration studies is the concept of the "migration culture", focusing on the perspective of the people left behind as well as the changing identities of the migrants.... view less

Keywords
labor migration; migrant; identity; Ghana; Africa; Burkina Faso; migration; Togo; Africa South of the Sahara; West Africa; developing country

Classification
Migration, Sociology of Migration
Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology

Method
qualitative empirical; descriptive study; empirical

Publication Year
2004

Page/Pages
p. 381-404

Journal
Afrika Spectrum, 39 (2004) 3

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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