"Радикально новый взгляд на Павла", или "Павел в рамках иудаизма": истоки, влияния, идеи

Abstract

The article deals with reconstructions of Paul's views on the Law, Jewish-Gentile relations, and redemption. These reconstructions were made by members of The Radical New Persepective on Paul / Paul within Judaism movement from the late 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. This movement has its origins in new perspectives on Second Temple Judaism. The radical new perspective on Paul argues the following characteristics in its construction of Paul: Paul remained fully Jewish even as a follower of Jesus; Paul remained Torah-observant; Paul writes to non-Jews and addresses his Gospel about a Jewish Messiah to Gentiles; Paul perceived humanity as consisting of two parts: Jews and non-Jews, even when united in the Messiah; Paul lived in a state of eschatological urgency with the end times and messianic age coming soon. Paul indeed sees himself as being involved in events that will lead to the salvation of the whole world. Paul’s Jewish ancestry and identity is a constitutive element of his self-understanding as apostle of Christ to the Gentiles. He is specifically occupied with the Gentile problem. Paul's debates about Gentiles and circumcision can be understood as in-house Jewish debates about how to include Gentile outsiders in Jewish assemblies. Whenever Paul says anything negative about the Law, it is always about Gentile's relationship to the Law, not Jews'. Paul provides a way to maintain the particularity of his ethnic and religious identity without denying the ethnic and religious identity of others. Paul preaches a much more radical form of Judaism for Gentiles than diaspora synagogues ever requested, much less required. The scholars adhering to this perspective consider that Paul’s texts are not in the background of the Second Temple Judaism but as texts of the Second Temple Judaism.