Sosial eksklusjon og opphopning av levekårsproblemer: Nye eller tradisjonelle risikofaktorer? En kvantitativ analyse basert på de norske levekårsundersøkelsene EU-SILC 2014, 2017 og 2020

Abstract

This article examines whether there are tendencies for various living conditions problems to accumulate and affect specific groups in society more than others. The article takes the literature on social exclusion and the hypothesis of cumulative disadvantages as its basis, and discusses this against the theory of the risk society and the individualization hypothesis. The empirical basis for the study is the Norwegian living conditions surveys from 2014, 2017, and 2020 which are included in the EU-SILC surveys. The analyses show that the majority in Norway are not exposed to exclusion, and to the extent that people are excluded, it is most common to be excluded in one area. There is no strong tendency for problems to pile up, but there is a reasonably strong tendency for those who have difficulties in one area to be more prone to problems in others. The area where these tendencies are most evident is between low income and deprivation, and the connection in this area is strong. The results show that traditional risk factors (unemployment, low education, health problems) and new risk factors (being a single breadwinner, immigrants from Asia, Africa, and others) entail an increased risk of being affected, especially in this case to low income and material deprivation. The age variations differ. Accordingly, it is argued that a conceptualization of exclusion, such as whether it is about new or old risk factors, should be complemented by a lifecycle perspective which includes age and other aspects, such as cohort and historical conditions, in the analysis.