Thiel Embalmed Bodies in Anatomical Simulation, Teaching and Research: Implementation and Educational Impact In Nigerian Medical Institutions

Abstract

This research investigated the implementation of Thiel embalming in Nigerian anatomical education, examining its technical feasibility, educational effectiveness, and the required contextual adaptations. Using sequential explanatory mixed methods, the study documented the implementation of protocols across three Nigerian medical institutions, developing modified protocols that addressed the challenges of a tropical climate and resource constraints.Findings demonstrate Thiel embalming is technically feasible within Nigerian contexts when appropriate adaptations address environmental conditions and infrastructure limitations. Comparative analysis revealed superior educational outcomes across multiple domains, with particularly significant advantages for surgical skills training (d = 1.32), procedural simulation (d = 1.83), and musculoskeletal anatomy teaching (d = 1.14). Statistical analysis revealed consistently larger effect sizes for procedural applications (d = 1.60) compared to factual knowledge acquisition (d = 0.76).The cost-benefit analysis revealed substantial resource requirements that exceeded those of traditional methods by 450%. However, the expansion of educational applications and enhanced learning outcomes justified the strategic implementation. Cultural considerations revealed challenges regarding body donation programs, alongside opportunities through alignment with values that emphasise dignity and handler wellbeing.The research contributes contextual adaptation protocols, comprehensive implementation frameworks, and evidence-based guidance for resource-constrained environments. Recommendations address strategic implementation approaches for educational institutions, research priorities for enhancing sustainability, and policy considerations that support the advancement of anatomical education in Nigeria.