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Democracy as a limiting factor for politicised cultural populism in Malawi

Demokratie und politisierter Kulturpopulismus in Malawi
[journal article]

Chirambo, Reuben Makayiko

Abstract

Though Malawian democracy could still be described as in transition from authoritarianism, it has enabled an atmosphere for critical debate of and dissent against seemingly popular opinions, which was not possible during the authoritarian rule of former life president, Dr. H.K. Banda, 1964-1994. Thi... view more

Though Malawian democracy could still be described as in transition from authoritarianism, it has enabled an atmosphere for critical debate of and dissent against seemingly popular opinions, which was not possible during the authoritarian rule of former life president, Dr. H.K. Banda, 1964-1994. This article examines politicised cultural populism in Malawi under the dictatorship and democracy in comparative terms. President Banda, as a political populist, appropriated culture to legitimate and validate his political power as well as to cultivate popular support from the majority of ordinary people. Following reforms towards democracy since 1992, his successors have also tended towards populist politics by similarly appropriating culture and cultural activities, among other means, to cultivate popular support from mostly ordinary people for their regimes. Such politicised cultural populism involves adopting traditional roles, cultural symbols and images of power such as praise-titles, and participating in cultural activities such as traditional dances. This article examines the efforts of President Bingu wa Mutharika in the democratic dispensation to appropriate cultural artefacts used by Banda during a dictatorship in order to cultivate popular support for his regime. The article argues that Bingu’s efforts at politicised cultural populism are constrained, among other factors, by the nature and climate of democratic politics mainly because democracy, unlike a dictatorship, enables critical debate and the questioning of political leader’s behaviour and their motives.... view less


Auch wenn die Demokratie in Malawi sich immer noch in einem Übergangsstadium befindet, ist inzwischen eine Atmosphäre entstanden, in der eine kritische Debatte und das Äußern unpopulärer Meinungen möglich sind, was in den Jahren 1964-1994 unter dem früheren Präsidenten auf Lebenszeit, Dr. H.K. Banda... view more

Auch wenn die Demokratie in Malawi sich immer noch in einem Übergangsstadium befindet, ist inzwischen eine Atmosphäre entstanden, in der eine kritische Debatte und das Äußern unpopulärer Meinungen möglich sind, was in den Jahren 1964-1994 unter dem früheren Präsidenten auf Lebenszeit, Dr. H.K. Banda, nicht denkbar war. Der Autor vergleicht die Nutzung von Elementen eines politisierten Kulturpopulismus in Malawi während der Diktatur und in der demokratischen Phase. Der Populist Banda setzte stark auf kulturelle Traditionen, um seine Macht zu legitimieren und sich die Unterstützung der Mehrheit der Bevölkerung zu sichern. In der Phase demokratischer Reformen seit 1992 haben seine Nachfolger dies in ähnlicher Weise versucht. Ein solcher politisierter Kulturpopulismus schließt die Übernahme traditioneller Rollen, die Verwendung tradierter Machtsymbole und die Mitwirkung an traditionellen kulturellen Aktivitäten, wie beispielsweise Tänzen, ein. Der Autor untersucht, inwieweit es dem Präsidenten Bingu wa Mutharika in der Phase demokratischer Transition gelungen ist, von Banda eingesetzte tradierte kulturelle Elemente für sich zu übernehmen. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass diese Bemühungen nur eingeschränkte Wirkung zeigten, denn anders als in einer Diktatur gibt es in einem demokratischen System ein politisches Klima und praktische Möglichkeiten, das Verhalten und die Motive einer politischen Führungsfigur in Frage zu stellen und zu debattieren.... view less

Keywords
populism; dictatorship; democratization; cultural studies; traditional culture; political culture; Southern Africa; political development; Malawi; present

Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture

Method
descriptive study

Free Keywords
Cultural Studies; Democracy; Dictatorship; Political Culture; Populism; Present

Document language
English

Publication Year
2009

Page/Pages
p. 77-94

Journal
Africa Spectrum, 44 (2009) 2

ISSN
1868-6869

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.