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Qualitative experiments in psychology: the case of Frederic Bartlett's methodology

Qualitative Experimente in der Psychologie: die Methodologie Frederic Bartletts
Experimentos cualitativos en psicología: el caso de la metodología de Frederic Bartlett
[journal article]

Wagoner, Brady

Abstract

In this article, I explore the meaning of experiments in early twentieth century psychology, focusing on the qualitative experimental methodology of psychologist Frederic Bartlett. I begin by contextualizing Bartlett's experiments within the continental research tradition of his time, which was in a... view more

In this article, I explore the meaning of experiments in early twentieth century psychology, focusing on the qualitative experimental methodology of psychologist Frederic Bartlett. I begin by contextualizing Bartlett's experiments within the continental research tradition of his time, which was in a state of transition from a focus on elements (the concern of psychophysics) to a focus on wholes (the concern of Gestalt psychology). The defining feature of Barlett's early experiments is his holistic treatment of human responses, in which the basic unit of analysis is the active person relating to some material within the constraints of a social and material context. This manifests itself in a number of methodological principles that contrast with contemporary understandings of experimentation in psychology. The contrast is further explored by reviewing the history of "replications and extensions" of Barlett's experiments, demonstrating how his methodology was progressively changed and misunderstood over time. An argument is made for re-introducing an open, qualitative and idiographic experimental method similar to the one Bartlett practiced. (author's abstract)... view less


In diesem Beitrag beschäftige ich mich mit psychologischen Experimenten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der qualitativ-experimentellen Methodologie des Psychologen Frederic Bartlett. Zunächst kontextualisiere ich Bartletts Experimente in der kontinentalen Forschungstradition... view more

In diesem Beitrag beschäftige ich mich mit psychologischen Experimenten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der qualitativ-experimentellen Methodologie des Psychologen Frederic Bartlett. Zunächst kontextualisiere ich Bartletts Experimente in der kontinentalen Forschungstradition seiner Zeit, in der ein Übergang stattfand von einem Fokus auf Elemente (das Interesse der Psychophysik) hin zu einem Fokus auf Ganzheit (das Interesse der Gestalt-Psychologie). Die definitorische Grundlage in Bartletts frühen Experimenten war seine holistische Behandlung menschlicher Reaktionsweisen, d.h. Ausgangspunkt seiner Analyse war ein aktives Subjekt, das sich zu Material innerhalb spezifischer sozialer und physikalischer Bedingungen in Beziehung setzt. Hiermit gehen methodologische Prinzipien einher, die zeitgenössischen Konzepten des Experiments in der Psychologie zuwiderlaufen. Diese Diskrepanz wird weiter beleuchtet mit Blick auf die Geschichte der Replikationen und Erweiterungen seiner Experimente, wobei ich zeige, in welcher Weise seine Methodologie über die Zeit verändert und missverstanden wurde. Ich schließe mit der Forderung zur (Wieder-) Nutzung einer offenen, qualitativen und idiografischen experimentellen Methodik ähnlich der von Bartlett konzipierten. (Autorenreferat)... view less

Keywords
psychology; experiment; historical development; methodology; holism; reminiscence

Classification
Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Psychology

Free Keywords
Bartlett, F.

Document language
English

Publication Year
2015

Page/Pages
38 p.

Journal
Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 16 (2015) 3

ISSN
1438-5627

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution


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