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%T Using a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to explain cross-cultural measurement noninvariance %A Davidov, Eldad %A Dülmer, Hermann %A Schlüter, Elmar %A Schmidt, Peter %A Meuleman, Bart %J Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology %N 4 %P 558-575 %V 43 %D 2012 %K Strukturgleichungsmodell; configural, metric, and scalar invariance; multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) %@ 0022-0221 %> https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-444854 %X Testing for invariance of measurements across groups (such as countries o r time points) is essential before meaningful comparisons may be conducted. However, when tested, invariance is often absent. As a result, comparisons across groups are potentially problematic and may be biased. In the current study, we propose utilizing a multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to provide a framework to explain item bias. We show how variation in a contextual variable may explain non invariance. For the illustration of the method, we use data from the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS). (author's abstract) %C USA %G en %9 Zeitschriftenartikel %W GESIS - http://www.gesis.org %~ SSOAR - http://www.ssoar.info