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Open Access: Soziologische Aspekte

Open Access: sociological implications
[journal article]

Herb, Ulrich

Abstract

Die Forderung nach Open Access wird wissenschaftslogisch (Beschleunigung der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation), finanziell (Linderung der Zeitschriftenkrise), sozial (Verringerung des Digital Divide), demokratietheoretisch (Zugang zu Informationen ermöglicht Partizipation) und sozialpolitisch (freie... view more

Die Forderung nach Open Access wird wissenschaftslogisch (Beschleunigung der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation), finanziell (Linderung der Zeitschriftenkrise), sozial (Verringerung des Digital Divide), demokratietheoretisch (Zugang zu Informationen ermöglicht Partizipation) und sozialpolitisch (freier Zugang zu Informationen nivelliert Ungleichheiten) begründet. Dieser Beitrag untersucht einige dieser Annahmen mittels sozialwissenschaftlicher Modelle. Von Befunden aus der Bildungssoziologie und Sozialpsychologie bereits hinlänglich widerlegte Naivitäten wie die Annahme, Zugang zu Informationen wirke per se nivellierend, bleiben außen vor. Im Zentrum stehen die Erkenntnisse aus Pierre Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie für die Akzeptanz von Open Access und die Erkenntnisse aus Michel Foucaults Diskursanalyse für die Wirkung von Open Access innerhalb des Digital-Divide-Konzepts. Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie deutet darauf hin, dass für die Akzeptanz von Open Access bei Wissenschaftlern nicht hagiographische, wissenschaftslogische Argumente wie die Beschleunigung der Kommunikation ausschlaggebend sein dürften, sondern machtlogische Argumente: Entscheidend für die Akzeptanz von Open Access (und konzeptionell verbundener Modelle wie etwa alternative metrische Verfahren) ist, wie Wissenschaftler dessen mögliche Auswirkungen auf bestehende Akkumulationsprozesse wissenschaftlichen Kapitals wahrnehmen. Hinsichtlich der Wirkung von Open Access im Digital-Divide-Modell legt Foucaults Diskursanalyse nahe, dass Open Access Abhängigkeiten, Szientozentrismen und Ethnozentrismen verstärken kann.... view less


Claims for Open Access are mostly underpinned with science-related (Open Access accelerates scientific communication), financial (Open Access alleviates the serials crisis), social (Open Access reduces the Digital Divide), democracy–related (Open Access facilitates participation) and socio-politi... view more

Claims for Open Access are mostly underpinned with science-related (Open Access accelerates scientific communication), financial (Open Access alleviates the serials crisis), social (Open Access reduces the Digital Divide), democracy–related (Open Access facilitates participation) and socio-political (Open Access levels disparities) arguments. Using sociological concepts and notions this contribution analyses some of the presumptions mentioned. Naiveties as the assumption that access to information and knowledge would be sufficient to even out disparities are not considered as they are widely disproved by findings from the Sociology of Education and Social Psychology. This contribution focuses strongly on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of (scientific) capital and its implications for the acceptance of Open Access and Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and the implications of Open Access for the Digital Divide concept. Bourdieu's theory of capital implies that the acceptance of Open Access depends on the logic of power and the accumulation of scientific capital. It does not depend on slogans derived from hagiographic self–perceptions of science (e.g. the acceleration of scientific communication). According to Bourdieu's theory it is crucial for Open Access (and associated concepts like alternative impact metrics) how scientists perceive its potential influence on existing processes of capital accumulation. Considering the Digital Divide concept Foucault's discourse analysis suggests that Open Access may intensify disparities, scientocentrisms and ethnocentrisms.... view less

Keywords
publication; technical literature; sociology; communication; open access; science; scientific scene; democracy; information society; acceptance; digital divide; discourse analysis

Classification
Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology
Sociology of Knowledge
Interactive, electronic Media

Free Keywords
wissenschaftliches Kapital; wissenschaftliches Publizieren; Journal Impact Factor; soziales Kapital; Pierre Bourdieu; Michel Foucault; Entwicklungsländer

Document language
German

Publication Year
2007

Page/Pages
p. 239-244

Journal
Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis, 58 (2007) 4

Status
Postprint; reviewed

Licence
Deposit Licence - No Redistribution, No Modifications


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.