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Die Dynamik des deutschen Hochschulsystems: 1820-1986

The dynamism of the German university system: 1820-1986
[journal article]

Müller-Benedict, Volker

Abstract

Der vorliegende historische Beitrag untersucht die langfristige Entwicklung der deutschen Studentenzahlen von vier großen Fakultäten (Theologie, Jurisprudenz, Medizin, Lehramt). Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die 'Überfüllungskrisen' nach einem bestimmten Muster auftreten. Die Daten der Zeitr... view more

Der vorliegende historische Beitrag untersucht die langfristige Entwicklung der deutschen Studentenzahlen von vier großen Fakultäten (Theologie, Jurisprudenz, Medizin, Lehramt). Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die 'Überfüllungskrisen' nach einem bestimmten Muster auftreten. Die Daten der Zeitreihenanalyse zeigen zwei zyklische Komponenten. Der Autor interpretiert sie in einem systemtheoretischen Bezugsrahmen folgendermaßen: Der Zugang zu den Hochschulen wird sozial so verteilt, daß diejenigen, die als letzte soziale Gruppe überhaupt Zugang zu den Universitäten gefunden haben, in einer Überfüllungsphase als erste wieder der Universität fernbleiben. Diese soziale Selektivität der zyklischen Entwicklung des Universitätsbesuchs ist die Folge der Öffnung der Hochschulen für alle Gruppen der Gesellschaft. Dieser 'Mechanismus' gewährleistet die Funktion des Hochschulsystems, 'die Chancen der höheren Bildung sozial selektiv und sozial konservativ zu verteilen'. (pmb)... view less


'This paper discusses the long-term development of the number of students in the four largest academic disciplines at all german universities. These time-series contain two cyclical components: one has a period of 30-40 years, the other a period of 10-16 years. In a model which views the higher educ... view more

'This paper discusses the long-term development of the number of students in the four largest academic disciplines at all german universities. These time-series contain two cyclical components: one has a period of 30-40 years, the other a period of 10-16 years. In a model which views the higher educational system as a subsystem of society these cycles represent two relationships to other subsystems. The longer ones are a result of the age-grouping of those professions, to which the different courses of studies lead to. The shorter ones have the lenght of twice the duration of instruction; they depend on the different 'attractivity' of the courses of studies, which let more or less people begin a specific course, as they presume a demand for certain professions. These two relationships had to be autonomously integrated by the higher educational system. This integration fulfills a new functional of the system, which has developed since the middle of the last century: the chances of higher education are distributed in a manner, which stabilises the hierarchy of social stratification.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
official statistics; theology; jurisprudence; teaching position; university; medicine; Germany; historical development; function; education system; nineteenth century

Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Sociology of Education

Method
historical

Document language
German

Publication Year
1994

Page/Pages
p. 4-32

Journal
Historical Social Research, 19 (1994) 2

DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.19.1994.2.4-32

ISSN
0172-6404

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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