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Der Wandel der Erwerbsstruktur in Europa im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

The change in the employment structure in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries
[journal article]

Kaelble, Hartmut

Abstract

Um den europäischen Sonderfall des Wandels der Erwerbsstruktur erklären zu können, legt der Autor zunächst eine Kritik des Fourastieschen Konzepts zur Beschreibung des erwerbsstrukturellen Wandels vor. Dieses Konzept zwängt, so die Kritik, die Geschichte der nichteuropäischen Gesellschaften in ein e... view more

Um den europäischen Sonderfall des Wandels der Erwerbsstruktur erklären zu können, legt der Autor zunächst eine Kritik des Fourastieschen Konzepts zur Beschreibung des erwerbsstrukturellen Wandels vor. Dieses Konzept zwängt, so die Kritik, die Geschichte der nichteuropäischen Gesellschaften in ein europazentrisches Streckbett, das verformt und verfehlt, führt aber auch zu einem Fehlverständnis der europäischen Erwerbsgeschichte. Der Autor weist im folgenden auf einige Faktoren hin, mit der die europäische Sonderentwicklung erklärt wird (die starke Exportorientierung der europäischen Wirtschaft, die arbeitsintensive Produktion, die Massenauswanderung, die europäische Familienstruktur sowie die Bevölkerungsdichte). Abschließend wird nach der Besonderheit der europäischen Arbeitsmentalität gefragt, in der ein weiterer wichtiger Faktor des europäischen Sonderweges gesehen wird. Dies betrifft die starke Abgrenzung der Erwerbsarbeit von der Nichtarbeit, die besonders deutlichen Grenzen in der Erwerbsarbeit zwischen den Geschlechtern sowie die distanzierte Einstellung zum Arbeitsplatz. (ICD)... view less


'This article investigates the change of the active population of Europe in a European perspective. It has three main conclusions. First, there is a unique European change in the active population during the 19th and 20th centuries. Only in Europe, a long period existed in which industrial employmen... view more

'This article investigates the change of the active population of Europe in a European perspective. It has three main conclusions. First, there is a unique European change in the active population during the 19th and 20th centuries. Only in Europe, a long period existed in which industrial employment sectors, i.e. the agrarian and the service sector. In no non-European society (except of North Korea and Vietnam) this period can be shown. Secondly, the reasons for this European particularity can be explained by the especially strong demand for industrial labour because of the export orientation of the European industry and because of the specific European consumption, by the large supply of young male and female labour in Europe, by the strong emigration from Europe, and by because of the high population density in Europe. Thirdly, this European particularities of the active population are linked with specific European attitudes towards work, i.e. a strong separation of work and non-work in the week, in the year, and also in the life course; also a strict separation of the gender roles in work; finally a specifically European attitude towards work. All this does not mean that world-wide tendencies in the change of active population and of work attitudes do not apply to Europe. But within these tendencies there is a specific European development with many consequences for European history during the 19th and 20th centuries.' (author's abstract)... view less

Keywords
Europe; attitude; industrial nation; gainful employment; labor; twentieth century; nineteenth century; structural change

Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research

Method
descriptive study; historical

Document language
German

Publication Year
1997

Page/Pages
p. 5-28

Journal
Historical Social Research, 22 (1997) 2

DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.22.1997.2.5-28

ISSN
0172-6404

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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