Expansion of the Russo-Iranian Nexus

Abstract

The relationship between Iran and Russia has expanded. They have jointly rescued the Syrian regime, oppose a US-led liberal international order, cooperate to circumvent Western sanctions, and collaborate in the arms trade, yet they are fierce competitors in Asian energy markets. This GIGA Focus explores how their interests have converged and what might disturb their new-found comity in time. Political leaders in Iran and Russia share the wish to push back against a US-led liberal world order. This is pivotal in fostering a closer relationship between the two countries. Both states are under economic sanctions from the West. To evade these punitive measures, banking and trade cooperation and knowledge-sharing have been at the core of the bilateral cooperation between Moscow and Tehran. The arms trade between the two countries is also increasing. Since the beginning of the Syrian War, collaboration in the Middle East has played a key role in the Russo-Iranian strategic partnership and driven their cooperation in Eurasia and Ukraine, too. The two countries have upheld long-standing civilian nuclear collaboration. This could have implications for the military realm and for the threat of nuclear proliferation as well. By obtaining full membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Iran has demonstrated a strong desire to expand ties with Eurasian regional actors in recent years. That is likely to remain unchanged under newly inaugurated President Masoud Pezeshkian.