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The paradox of ASEAN way in marine plastic pollution: the challenge of compliance among member states
[journal article]
Abstract ASEAN countries are considered significant contributors to global pollution, particularly concerning marine plastic pollution (MPP), which has emerged as a critical concern in the region. To address this issue, ASEAN has established three specific instruments: the Bangkok Declaration on Combating Ma... view more
ASEAN countries are considered significant contributors to global pollution, particularly concerning marine plastic pollution (MPP), which has emerged as a critical concern in the region. To address this issue, ASEAN has established three specific instruments: the Bangkok Declaration on Combating Marine Debris in 2019, the ASEAN Framework of Action on Marine Debris 2019, and the ASEAN Regional Action Plan for Combating Marine Debris in the ASEAN Member States 2021-2025. However, being soft laws, these instruments lack legally binding force, allowing states to choose not to implement them effectively and promptly, leading to low compliance rates. The root cause of this compliance challenge lies in the ASEAN Way’s foundational principle, which promotes non-intervention, resulting in non-legally binding instruments. This raises genuine concerns about the potential inefficacy of implementing ASEAN instruments. Nonetheless, the issue of marine plastic pollution is considered a contemporary environmental catastrophe in the region, demanding Member States to prioritize compliance. Hence, this study delves into two key issues: (1) the ASEAN Way and compliance and (2) regional mechanisms to bolster Member States’ adherence in combating marine plastic pollution.... view less
Keywords
ASEAN; regionalism; environmental pollution; seas; waste prevention; international agreement
Classification
International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy
Free Keywords
Member States; Compliance
Document language
English
Publication Year
2023
Page/Pages
p. 248-264
Journal
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 9 (2023) 3
ISSN
1857-9760
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed