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How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis
[journal article]
Abstract
This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We ... view more
This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyse 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvi-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens.... view less
Keywords
attitude; attitude research; women's employment; working woman; woman; image of women; fertility; equality of rights; descriptive statistics; regression analysis; Lithuania; Poland; Slovakia; Romania; Czech Republic; Bulgaria; Estonia; Austria; Latvia; Italy; Belgium; Hungary; Portugal; France; New Federal States; Slovenia; old federal states; Federal Republic of Germany; Ireland; Spain; Finland; Great Britain; United States of America; Netherlands; Canada; Sweden; Iceland; Denmark
Classification
Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies
Labor Market Research
Free Keywords
World Values Survey (WVS); European Values Study (EVS)
Document language
English
Publication Year
2015
Page/Pages
p. 370-382
Journal
European Sociological Review, 31 (2015) 3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv002
ISSN
1468-2672
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed