Skuteczność administracyjnej regulacji cen kredytów konsumenckich w obszarze shadow banking w świetle doświadczeń polskich i międzynarodowych

Abstract

This article concerns the effectiveness of price regulations (the application of the rate cap) in the shadow banking area. The author analyses the situation in Poland and the examples from the selected markets (where this type of regulations was implemented). Taking into account that the main role of the regulator is to ensure the highest possible level of consumer protection in the financial market, by eliminating the negative impact of asymmetries and usury - the effectiveness of proposed solutions stays crucial for all market players. Until 2015 lending activity and market practices related to microloans (payday loans) offered by Non-Banking Financial Institutions in Poland were not regulated. After Amber Gold’s bankruptcy a lot of actions were taken to regulate the consumer finance market including a plan to limit the maximum cost of a consumer loan. All the proposed measures were similar to those implemented in other countries. Examples of regulations from other countries show that too restrictive regulations may have increased financial exclusion, but too liberal/imprecise ones might make them ineffective. Regardless the identified risks, the Polish government decided to apply hard/ restrictive market regulations.

Autor analizuje zmiany regulacyjne na rynku pożyczkowym w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwiązań dotyczących funkcjonowania niebankowych instytucji finansowych, które udzielają krótkoterminowych kredytów konsumenckich (mikropożyczek). Podejmuje próbę oceny ich prawdopodobnej skuteczności w świetle doświadczeń innych państw.