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Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes
[journal article]
Abstract Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscap... view more
Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit trade-offs resulting from land-use transitions from forest and agroforestry systems to rubber and oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground and belowground species and whole-ecosystem multidiversity. Despite variation between ecosystem functions, profit gains come at the expense of ecosystem multifunctionality, indicating far-reaching ecosystem deterioration. We identify landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits. These findings suggest that, to reduce losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, changes in economic incentive structures through well-designed policies are urgently needed.... view less
Keywords
agricultural production; Indonesia; peasant; economy; agriculture; compromise; incentive system; farmer; small business; ecological consequences; biodiversity; organic farming; ecological system
Classification
Ecology, Environment
Special areas of Departmental Policy
Free Keywords
Sumatra; Kleinbauer; Ökosystem; Multidiversität; Monokultur; Kautschuk; Palmöl
Document language
English
Publication Year
2020
Page/Pages
p. 1-13
Journal
Nature Communications, 11 (2020)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15013-5
ISSN
2041-1723
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed