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https://doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v19i1.1146

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Antropologia histórica como conceito de história natural em Adorno

Historical anthropology as a concept of natural history In Adorno
[journal article]

Ferreira da Costa, Virginia Helena

Abstract

The theme of this article deals with the historical anthropology found in "The Authoritarian Personality" and grounded on "Dialectic of Enlightenment". Specifically, we approach the conceptualization that understands the drives’ movements (as explained by the Freudian theory) as internal nature, fou... view more

The theme of this article deals with the historical anthropology found in "The Authoritarian Personality" and grounded on "Dialectic of Enlightenment". Specifically, we approach the conceptualization that understands the drives’ movements (as explained by the Freudian theory) as internal nature, foundation of the anthropological conception discussed here. By referring to anthropology and nature, we are not thinking about immutable and "biologizing" notions, but historical and contextual ones. Therefore, we use mainly the "Idea of natural history", precisely the dialectic between history and nature. In the text, Adorno deals with two movements of this dialectic: a conception of Lukács, for whom elements of history became naturalized as second nature, which can be exemplified by the hollywoodian schematism promoted by the cultural industry; the second movement, under the influence of Walter Benjamin, that deals with the historical transience of nature, when archaic remnants repressed by the dominant historical sense resurface, becoming a possibility of another historical sense. This debate is important precisely because is located at the heart of the relation between political-economy/sociology and psychoanalysis, the most relevant theoretical domains for the first generation of Critical Theory. Whatsoever we think there is an implicit anthropology for Horkheimer and Adorno - that would see the human being as naturally aggressive and destructive -, our intention is to show that if these anthropology and nature are historical, the individuals act under influence of the death drive precisely because the social environment that forms the human beings is domineering, violent, reified and alienating.... view less


O tema geral do presente artigo trata da antropologia histórica encontrada em "The Authoritarian Personality" e fundamentada em "Dialética do Esclarecimento". Especificamente, abordaremosa conceituação que compreende as movimentações pulsionais (segundoleitura dateoria freudiana) enquanto natureza i... view more

O tema geral do presente artigo trata da antropologia histórica encontrada em "The Authoritarian Personality" e fundamentada em "Dialética do Esclarecimento". Especificamente, abordaremosa conceituação que compreende as movimentações pulsionais (segundoleitura dateoria freudiana) enquanto natureza interna, fundamentoda concepção daantropologia aqui debatida. Com isso, ao falarmos de antropologia e de natureza, não estamos nos referindo a concepçõesimutáveise "biologizantes", mas a noçõeshistóricase contextuais. Para tanto, iremos nos voltarà "Ideia de história natural" adorniana, precisamente à dialética entre história e natureza. No texto, Adorno trata de dois movimentos de taldialética: uma concepçãode Lukács, para quem elementos dahistória se tornamnaturalizadosenquanto segundo natureza, o que pode serexemplificado com oesquematismo hollywoodianopromovido pela indústria cultural;osegundo movimento, sob influência de Walter Benjamin, trata da transitoriedade histórica da natureza, quando resquícios arcaicos reprimidos pelo sentido histórico dominante ressurgem, tornando-sepossibilidade de outra orientaçãohistórica. Este debate se mostra importante justamente porque se encontra no cerne da relação entre economia-política/sociologia e psicanálise, os domínios teóricos mais relevantespara a primeira geração da Teoria Crítica. Por mais que pensemos que há uma antropologia implícita para Horkheimer e Adorno - que enxergariam o ser humano enquanto naturalmente agressivo e destruidor -, o nosso intuito é mostrar que, se a antropologia e a natureza são históricas, o ser humano age a partir da pulsão de morte justamente porque o meio social que o forma é ele mesmo dominador, violento, reificado e alienante.... view less

Keywords
critical theory; nature; anthropology; historical development

Classification
Philosophy, Ethics, Religion

Free Keywords
drives

Document language
Portuguese

Publication Year
2019

Page/Pages
p. 25-43

Journal
Griot: Revista de Filosofia, 19 (2019) 1

ISSN
2178-1036

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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