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La revolución científica y tecnológica y la sociedad postindustrial

[journal article]

Schoijet, Mauricio

Abstract

En la literatura económica, sociológica y sobre desarrollo científico y tecnológico han aparecido desde la década de 1960 las nociones de revolución científica y tecnológica y de sociedad postindustrial, generalmente asociadas. Este artículo examina el antecedente de la revolución industrial y las d... view more

En la literatura económica, sociológica y sobre desarrollo científico y tecnológico han aparecido desde la década de 1960 las nociones de revolución científica y tecnológica y de sociedad postindustrial, generalmente asociadas. Este artículo examina el antecedente de la revolución industrial y las diversas interpretaciones que ha tenido. Se reseñan los textos de Daniel Bell, Radovan Richta y varios autores soviéticos sobre estos temas para sugerir que abundan formulaciones confusas, las cuales han servido para promover la ideología del reformismo y de la supuesta extinción de los conflictos de clase, y para señalar que las predicciones de varios autores al respecto no se han verificado. Es probable que las dificultades para definir la supuesta revolución científica y tecnológica no sean casuales, sino que se deriven de una falta de análisis de la historia de la tecnología. Se propone plantear por separado las nociones de "revolución científica", "revolución tecnológica" y "revolución científica y tecnológica", y no hacer afirmaciones totalizadoras a priori, sino examinar la compleja relación entre ciencia y tecnología en determinados campos del conocimiento y de la producción.... view less


The literature about scientific and technological topics, explores frequently the idea that we are in the middle of a scientific and technological revolution and that capitalist society ad- vances towards a post-industrial society, characterized by an increasingly greater weight of the Service secto... view more

The literature about scientific and technological topics, explores frequently the idea that we are in the middle of a scientific and technological revolution and that capitalist society ad- vances towards a post-industrial society, characterized by an increasingly greater weight of the Service sector. The backgrounds of the scientific revolution in the xvm century are exam- ined in order to show that even if it is a widely studied topic, there is no agreement among historians about some aspects of this historie event. The literature on the scientific and technological revolution and the post-industrial society is reviewed, in particular authors such as Daniel Bell, Radovan Richta and several soviet authors to suggest that they wielded confused ideas, that they played a role to obscure the contradictions of capitalism as well as to promete the ideology of reformism. Some empirical data are also examined to show that the economic evolution of the last decades does not verify the optimistic projections offered by the authors mentioned above. It is suggested that it is necessary to examine in greater de- tail the historie experience of the scientific and technological revolutions.... view less

Classification
Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology

Document language
Spanish

Publication Year
1998

Page/Pages
p. 127-154

Journal
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 43 (1998) 171

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.1998.171.49267

ISSN
2448-492X

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0


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