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Abstención y voto nulo en las elecciones federales en México, 1991-2015

Electoral abstention and spoiled ballot in Mexican federal elections, 1991-2015
[journal article]

Morales Noble, Victor

Abstract

La abstención y el voto nulo son vistos como comportamientos que demeritan la democracia. El texto se pregunta si pueden ser analizados como componentes de la participación electoral. De ser así, su exclusión del análisis impediría observar los límites de nuestro sistema electoral. Con los datos de ... view more

La abstención y el voto nulo son vistos como comportamientos que demeritan la democracia. El texto se pregunta si pueden ser analizados como componentes de la participación electoral. De ser así, su exclusión del análisis impediría observar los límites de nuestro sistema electoral. Con los datos de los resultados electorales para diputaciones federales durante el periodo de 1991 al 2015, mediante correlaciones de Spearman, pruebas Chi cuadrada y el índice de brechas de Fowler, el autor observa que el abstencionismo y el voto nulo son formas ineficaces de participación electoral, aunque ambas logran de manera imprecisa ser herramienta de castigo. Incluir estas formas de participación en nuestro sistema permitiría trasladar el centro del proceso democrático, del comercio electoral a la consolidación de ofertas políticas orientadas a la deliberación pública, erradicando el control que las estructuras partidarias ejercen sobre la población electoral. De esta manera sería posible configurar gobiernos representativos sometidos a la rendición de cuentas y la evaluación retrospectiva de la ciudadanía.... view less


Electoral abstention and spoiled ballot are considered behaviors that frustrate democracy. The author asks if they can be analyzed as components of electoral participation. If so, its exclusion from analysis would hide the limits of our electoral system. With data from the federal deputies' electi... view more

Electoral abstention and spoiled ballot are considered behaviors that frustrate democracy. The author asks if they can be analyzed as components of electoral participation. If so, its exclusion from analysis would hide the limits of our electoral system. With data from the federal deputies' elections for the 1991-2015 period, using Spearman correlations, Chi square tests and the Fowler gap index, the author notes that abstention and spoiled ballot are ineffective forms of electoral participation, although they both somehow function as punishment tools. Including these forms of participation in our system would allow shifting the center of the democratic process, from the electoral trade to the consolidation of political institutions aimed at public deliberation. This would help to eradicate the control that party structures exert over the electorate, making thus possible to have representative governments subject to accountability and retrospective evaluation by citizens.... view less

Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture

Free Keywords
democracy; electoral turnout; abstention; spoiled ballot; electoral system

Document language
Spanish

Publication Year
2017

Page/Pages
p. 75-115

Journal
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 62 (2017) 230

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-1918(17)30018-1

ISSN
2448-492X

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0


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