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@article{ Voss2008, title = {Interpreting Ambiguous Stimuli: Separating Perceptual and Judgmental Biases}, author = {Voss, Andreas and Rothermund, Klaus and Brandtstädter, Jochen}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, number = {4}, pages = {1048-1056}, volume = {44}, year = {2008}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.009}, urn = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-253732}, abstract = {Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influenced by motivational biases: A perceptual bias affects information uptake whereas a judgmental bias affects acceptance criteria for positive and negative outcomes. In the present study, motivated influences on perception and judgment were investigated with a simple color discrimination task in which ambiguous stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color. One of two colors indicated a financial gain or a loss, whereas a third color was neutral. To separate perceptual and judgmental biases, Ratcliff’s (1978) diffusion model was employed. Results revealed motivational influences on perception and judgment.}, }