Maps Beyond Icons: Semiotic Analysis of Maps of Ukraine During the Russo-Ukrainian War

Abstract

This essay explores different maps of Ukraine and map-related activities carried out in Ukraine in 2022 and 2023 after the start of the Russian invasion, including among others maps of Ukrainian cultural losses, air raid alerts, and the defence of Kyiv as well as a flash mob setting a record in drawing maps of Ukraine. To do so, the essay applies a semiotic approach and draws on the Peircean typology of signs. By focusing on the ways selected maps of Ukraine relate to the diverse messages they convey, in addition to conventional icon maps the essay distinguishes symbol maps, index maps as well as maps combining indexicality and symbolism. Based on the analysis of new meanings and functions that the map of Ukraine has gained since 2022, the essay argues that the indexicality and symbolic weight of these maps have grown. The essay concludes that in the context of the ongoing war, the map of Ukraine has become increasingly present in the everyday life of Ukrainian citizens as an important element of the daily wartime routine of receiving updates, consuming news and communicating with colleagues, family and friends.