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Two Approaches to Analyze Whether Citizens' National Identity Is Affected by Country, Age, and Political Orientation - A Fuzzy Eco-Apostle Model
Abstract The study analyzes national identity using the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) database for the waves of 2003 and 2013. First, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) are used to find the dimensions of the items included in the nationa... view more
The study analyzes national identity using the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) database for the waves of 2003 and 2013. First, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) are used to find the dimensions of the items included in the national identity module. Second, the civic and ethnic dimensions are analyzed through both a fuzzy clustering analysis and an extended apostle model to classify citizens' national identity as the following: (1) post nationalists; (2) ethnic oriented; (3) civic-oriented; (4) credentialists. Third, the fuzzy eco-extended apostle model is applied to analyze 16 different national identity categories, for which the four pure mentioned categories are further studied. Fourth, the effects of some social characteristics, such as country-year, political orientation-year, and age-year, on the respective pure national Identity categories are studied using two distinct approaches, namely, contingency tables and conditional probability ratios. Results show that citizens tend to be more pure-credentialist than any other category and that social characteristics play a determinant role in explaining each category of citizens' national identity.... view less
Keywords
ISSP; nationality; identity; authorization; political attitude
Classification
Social Psychology
Free Keywords
ethnic identity; civic identity; credentialists; post-nationalists; fuzzy-hybrid clustering analysis; extended eco apostle model; ISSP 2003; ISSP 2013
Document language
English
Publication Year
2022
Page/Pages
p. 1-20
Journal
Applied Sciences, 12 (2022) 8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083946
ISSN
2076-3417
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed