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Direkte Demokratie in der Schweiz und die Wirkung auf die Staatstätigkeit

Direct Democracy in Switzerland and the Effect on Public Policies
[journal article]

Wagschal, Uwe

Abstract

Der Beitrag untersucht Policy-Wirkungen der direkten Demokratie. Dabei werden sämtliche bisherige Volksabstimmungen, das heißt obligatorische und fakultative Referenden sowie Volksinitiativen, in der Schweiz analysiert. Die Frage, ob Direktdemokratie expansiv oder restriktiv auf die Staatstätigkeit ... view more

Der Beitrag untersucht Policy-Wirkungen der direkten Demokratie. Dabei werden sämtliche bisherige Volksabstimmungen, das heißt obligatorische und fakultative Referenden sowie Volksinitiativen, in der Schweiz analysiert. Die Frage, ob Direktdemokratie expansiv oder restriktiv auf die Staatstätigkeit wirkt, ist dabei die erste Forschungsfrage. Dabei stehen die Sozialpolitik und die Öffentlichen Finanzen im Mittelpunkt der Analyse. Zudem wird dann nach den Effekten für die einzelnen Instrumente differenziert. Darüber hinaus werden die Abstimmungsparolen des Bundesrates, des Parlaments sowie der Parteien und Verbände untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt der Beitrag einen bremsenden Effekt über alle Schweizer Abstimmungen hinweg. Diese Wirkungen sind nach den einzelnen Instrumenten unterschiedlich, insbesondere das fakultative Referendum entfaltet eine Bremswirkung. Die geringe Zahl expansiver Volksinitiativen verweist darauf, dass der "Gaspedal"-Effekt der Volksinitiative eher gering und indirekter Natur ist. Eine besonders hohe Erfolgsquote mit ihren Abstimmungsparolen weisen die Parteien der politischen Mitte auf. Die Parteien an den politischen Rändern sind dagegen eher deutlich geringer erfolgreich.... view less


This article examines the policy effects of direct democracy, taking Switzerland as an example. All referendums held so far, i. e. mandatory and facultative referendums as well as popular initiatives, are analyzed. The first research question is whether direct democracy has an expansive or restricti... view more

This article examines the policy effects of direct democracy, taking Switzerland as an example. All referendums held so far, i. e. mandatory and facultative referendums as well as popular initiatives, are analyzed. The first research question is whether direct democracy has an expansive or restrictive effect on public policy making. The analysis focuses on social policy and public finances. A differentiation is then made according to the effects for the individual instruments. In addition, the voting slogans of the Federal Council, the Parliament, and the parties and associations are examined. As a result, the paper shows a restraining effect across all Swiss public votes. These effects vary by instrument, with the facultative referendum in particular having a braking effect. The small number of expansive popular initiatives indicates that the "gas pedal" effect of the popular initiative is rather small. An analysis of the referendum slogans shows that top-down procedures have a significantly higher acceptance probability than bottom-up procedures. The slogans of the Federal Council and Parliament are particularly successful. However, the parties of the political center have a particularly high success rate. Parties on the political fringes, on the other hand, tend to be significantly less successful. The associations also show different success rates. Producer interests in particular perform better than employee interests. An important resource for the success of Swiss referendums is the cohesion of the middle-class camp. In contrast, cohesion, i. e. the unity of the left camp, has no influence on the success rates of referendums.... view less

Keywords
direct democracy; Switzerland; fiscal policy; social policy; public policy; political participation; plebiscite; party

Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
Political System, Constitution, Government

Free Keywords
Referendum; Öffentliche Finanzen; Abstimmungsparolen; public finance; voting paroles

Document language
German

Publication Year
2023

Page/Pages
p. 72-94

Journal
der moderne staat - dms: Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management, 16 (2023) 1

Issue topic
Demokratieinnovationen, Repräsentation und Politikwandel / Innovations in Democracy, Representation and Political Change

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v16i1.05

ISSN
2196-1395

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0


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Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.