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The Power of Tolerance vs. Unselfishness as a Cultural Determinant of Cooperation
[journal article]
Abstract Cooperation in collective action problems and resource dilemmas is often assumed to depend on the values of the individuals involved, such as their degree of unselfishness and tolerance. Societal differences in cooperation and cooperative norms may therefore result from cultural variation in emphasi... view more
Cooperation in collective action problems and resource dilemmas is often assumed to depend on the values of the individuals involved, such as their degree of unselfishness and tolerance. Societal differences in cooperation and cooperative norms may therefore result from cultural variation in emphasis on these personal values. Here we draw on several cross-national datasets to examine whether society-level emphasis on unselfishness and tolerance and respect for other people predict how societies vary in cooperation [in a continuous prisoner’s dilemma (PD)] and in norms governing cooperation [in a common pool resource dilemma (CPR)]. The results suggest that high levels of cooperation and cooperative norms are promoted specifically by a cultural emphasis on tolerance.... view less
Keywords
tolerance; egoism; cooperation; willingness to cooperate; standard; cultural factors; cultural difference; correlation; multi-level analysis
Classification
General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories
Social Psychology
Free Keywords
unselfishness; norms; metanorms; cultural variation; European Values Study (EVS); World Values Survey (WVS)
Document language
English
Publication Year
2021
Page/Pages
p. 1-10
Journal
Frontiers in Psychology, 12 (2021)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678237
ISSN
1664-1078
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed