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Diplomatic Side-Effects of the EU's Externalization of Border Control and the Emerging Role of "Transit States" in Migration Diplomacy
Diplomatische Nebeneffekte der Externalisierung der EU-Grenzpolitik und die wachsende Bedeutung von 'Transitstaaten' in der Migrationsdiplomatie
[journal article]
Abstract The externalization of border control has been a central feature of the European Union's (EU) bordering strategy over the last three decades. How-ever, in recent years there have been several challenges and contestations of this strategy. The short but notable breakdown of external border control du... view more
The externalization of border control has been a central feature of the European Union's (EU) bordering strategy over the last three decades. How-ever, in recent years there have been several challenges and contestations of this strategy. The short but notable breakdown of external border control during the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis raised awareness that the EU relies heavily on cooperation with countries in the wider region. Moreover, recent negotiations by the EU with these third countries over cooperative migration management have involved considerable concessions and have been marked by new types of responses from the countries concerned. To make sense of these new dynamics in international cooperation on border control, the current paper combines the concept of "migration diplomacy" (İçduygu and Üstübici 2014; Adamson and Tsourapas 2019a) with recent sociological accounts of the side-effects of globalization and modernization (Beck 2016; Lessenich 2016). In the logic of externalization, destination countries outsource border controls to other countries that are expected to function as "gatekeepers" (Wallace 1996). This political strategy has ultimately (though inadvertently) strengthened the position of so-called "transit states" in engaging in migration diplomacy vis-á-vis EU member states, thus resulting in a new phase of contested externalization.... view less
Keywords
international cooperation; EU; control; policy on refugees; EU policy; migration policy; national border; migration
Classification
Migration, Sociology of Migration
International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy
Free Keywords
externalization; border control; migration diplomacy; transit migration states; negotiation; migration management; migration governance; Turkey; Morocco; Moldova
Document language
English
Publication Year
2021
Page/Pages
p. 78-105
Journal
Historical Social Research, 46 (2021) 3
Issue topic
Borders as Places of Control: Fixing, Shifting, and Reinventing State Borders
ISSN
0172-6404
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed