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https://doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok-1953

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Prekäre Geschäfte: Privatisierung und Vermarktlichung der Altenpflege im deutsch-englischen Vergleich

[journal article]

Kramer, Nicole

Abstract

Der Beitrag fragt nach den Anfängen und den Triebkräften der Ökonomisierung von Altenpflege in England und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Schon vor den marktschaffenden Reformen der 1990er-Jahre stieg der Anteil der privatwirtschaftlichen Altenpflege deutlich an, wobei häufig Kleinunternehmen un... view more

Der Beitrag fragt nach den Anfängen und den Triebkräften der Ökonomisierung von Altenpflege in England und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Schon vor den marktschaffenden Reformen der 1990er-Jahre stieg der Anteil der privatwirtschaftlichen Altenpflege deutlich an, wobei häufig Kleinunternehmen und Soloselbstständige dieses Segment der Sozialwirtschaft trugen. Der National Health Service and Community Care Act in England (ab 1990) und die Pflegeversicherung in Deutschland (ab 1995) beschleunigten die Ökonomisierung der Altenpflege auf spezifische Weise: In beiden Ländern entstanden Großunternehmen, die den Kommunalverwaltungen und Pflegekassen als mächtige Verhandlungspartner gegenübertraten. Privatisierung und Bürokratisierung griffen ineinander. Für Deutschland lässt sich zudem feststellen, dass der Bezug von Geldleistungen die Vorstellung von Pflege als bezahltem Wirtschaftsgut verbreitete. Wie weit die Vermarktlichung im deutschen Fall ging, wird indes erst deutlich, wenn man die Schattenwirtschaft der prekär und teils illegal Beschäftigten einbezieht. Der zeithistorische Blick legt offen, wie tief Strukturen der Ausbeutung in die Pflege eingeschrieben sind.... view less


The article explores the beginnings of and driving forces behind the privatisation and marketisation of long-term care. Well before the market-making reforms of the 1990s came into effect, the share of the private for-profit care sector had risen significantly. Initially the sector mainly consisted ... view more

The article explores the beginnings of and driving forces behind the privatisation and marketisation of long-term care. Well before the market-making reforms of the 1990s came into effect, the share of the private for-profit care sector had risen significantly. Initially the sector mainly consisted of small businesspeople, among them many former nurses and care assistants, who wanted to set up their own businesses. The introduction of the National Health Service and Community Care Act (1990) and the German Pflegeversicherung (long-term care insurance, 1995) accelerated the development of the care market in particular ways: In both countries, more and more large care companies entered the field, presenting themselves as strong contracting partners vis-à-vis local authorities and health insurance funds. Thus processes of privatisation and bureaucratisation were closely intertwined. In Germany, cash allowances nourished the idea that care was a service older people had to pay for. Only by looking at the shadow care market, which relies on precarious and sometimes illegal work, are we able to grasp the extent of marketisation in the case of Germany. The insight of contemporary history scholars widens our understanding of the deep-rooted exploitative structures of care.... view less

Keywords
health care delivery system; retirement home for the elderly; Federal Republic of Germany; historical development; nursing care for the elderly; social services; hospital care (inpatient); economization; home care; long-term care insurance; privatization; elderly; Great Britain; nursing home

Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Health Policy

Document language
German

Publication Year
2020

Page/Pages
p. 234-260

Journal
Zeithistorische Forschungen / Studies in Contemporary History, 17 (2020) 2

Issue topic
Gesundheitsökonomien

ISSN
1612-6041

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.