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On the Divergent Trajectories of African Islamism: Explaining Salafi Non-Radicalisation in Zanzibar

Die unterschiedlichen Pfade des Islamismus in Afrika: Zu den Ursachen salafistischer Nichtradikalisierung in Sansibar
[journal article]

Saalfeld, Jannis

Abstract

With the rise of Jihadist groups like Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab, the theory-oriented exploration of the causes and dynamics of militant Islamist mobilisation in sub-Saharan Africa has become an important research endeavour. Existing explanatory frameworks highlight the causal relevance of multi-face... view more

With the rise of Jihadist groups like Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab, the theory-oriented exploration of the causes and dynamics of militant Islamist mobilisation in sub-Saharan Africa has become an important research endeavour. Existing explanatory frameworks highlight the causal relevance of multi-faceted Muslim grievances, pre-existing histories of non-Islamist political violence, and a lack of institutional regulation of Salafism in the first decades after independence. Examining the deviant case of Zanzibar, the article investigates why, despite the fact that all these conditions have been present on the islands, local Salafi activism has so far not gravitated towards Jihadism. It shows that the deeply entrenched Zanzibari two-party conflict between Tanzania’s long-standing authoritarian ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi and the oppositional Civic United Front has persistently blocked the opening up of political space for the development of sizeable militant Islamist activity. The article thus contributes to area-centred theory-building by demonstrating that vigorous electoral competition can effectively forestall the rise of Jihadism.... view less


Vor dem Hintergrund des Aufstiegs terroristischer Gruppierungen wie Boko Haram und Al-Shabaab sind die Ursachen und Dynamiken militant-islamistischer Mobilisierung im subsaharischen Afrika zu einem wichtigen Forschungsgegenstand geworden. Bestehende Erklärungsansätze betonen die kausale Relevanz vie... view more

Vor dem Hintergrund des Aufstiegs terroristischer Gruppierungen wie Boko Haram und Al-Shabaab sind die Ursachen und Dynamiken militant-islamistischer Mobilisierung im subsaharischen Afrika zu einem wichtigen Forschungsgegenstand geworden. Bestehende Erklärungsansätze betonen die kausale Relevanz vielschichtiger muslimischer "Grievances," Vorgeschichten nicht islamistischer Gewalt sowie mangelnder institutioneller Regulierung des Salafismus in den ersten Jahrzehnten nach der Unabhängigkeit. In diesem Artikel wird analysiert warum Spannungen zwischen Staat und Salafisten in Sansibar bisher nicht eskaliert sind, obwohl all diese Faktoren, die militant-islamitische Mobilisierung begünstigen, gegeben sind. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der tief verwurzelte Zweiparteienkonflikt zwischen der langjährigen tansanischen/sansibarischen Regierungspartei Chama Cha Mapinduzi und der oppositionellen Civic United Front die Öffnung politischer Spielräume für die Entfaltung eines militant-islamistischen Projektes kollektiver Mobilisierung blockiert hat. Der Artikel leistet somit einen Beitrag zur regional-fokussierten Theoriebildung, indem er zeigt, dass intensiver Mehrparteienwettbewerb der Popularisierung dschihadistischer Ideologien erfolgreich entgegenwirken kann.... view less

Keywords
Africa; islamism; radicalization; Tanzania; violence; political development

Classification
Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture

Free Keywords
Zanzibar; Salafism; subnationalism

Document language
English

Publication Year
2019

Page/Pages
p. 201-221

Journal
Africa Spectrum, 54 (2019) 3

ISSN
1868-6869

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.