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Objetivismo, constructivismo y las sociologías del riesgo

[journal article]

Rubio Carriquiriborde, Ignacio

Abstract

A partir de una definición amplia de riesgo centrada en las decisiones, se revisan en este artículo las posturas objetivista y constructivista usando dos distinciones: vulnerabilidad, amenaza y riesgo y nivel descriptivo y normativo de las evaluaciones; se ofrece además una breve discusión de las li... view more

A partir de una definición amplia de riesgo centrada en las decisiones, se revisan en este artículo las posturas objetivista y constructivista usando dos distinciones: vulnerabilidad, amenaza y riesgo y nivel descriptivo y normativo de las evaluaciones; se ofrece además una breve discusión de las limitaciones presentes en los cálculos economicistas y técnicos, así como del horizonte simbólico y moral inscrito en los cálculos de riesgo. En el complejo marco así abierto, se plantea que los conflictos asociados a riesgos ambientales no pueden ser resueltos a partir de la contrastación de evaluaciones, por lo que para comprender el procesamiento social de las demandas en el marco de sociedades plurales se requiere introducir la idea de justicia como un aspecto relevante. Más que problemas de cálculo, los riesgos presentan reclamos basados en valoraciones diversas del vínculo sociedad-naturaleza y enarbolan nociones de justicia que es preciso incorporar para entender la naturaleza de los problemas, y la forma en que se regulan las demandas y orientan las decisiones.... view less


Departing from a broad definition of risk based on the decisions, the article reviews the objectivist and constructivist positions using two distinctions: vulnerability, threat and risk; and descriptive and normative levels. It also provides a brief discussion of the limitations of economic and tech... view more

Departing from a broad definition of risk based on the decisions, the article reviews the objectivist and constructivist positions using two distinctions: vulnerability, threat and risk; and descriptive and normative levels. It also provides a brief discussion of the limitations of economic and technical calculations, and of the symbolic and moral horizon inscribed in risk assessments. In such a complex frame, it is suggested that conflict related to environmental risks can not be resolved by contrasting assessments, so to understand the social processing of claims in the context of pluralistic societies is required to introduce the idea justice as a relevant aspect of the problem. Rather than computational problems, the claims referred to risk are based on different assessments of the link between society and nature and of justice, introducing justice is thus necessary to understand the nature of the problems, and to provide ideas on how to regulate claims and to guide decisions.... view less

Classification
Macrosociology, Analysis of Whole Societies
Ecology, Environment

Free Keywords
risk; objectivism; constructivism

Document language
Spanish

Publication Year
2012

Page/Pages
p. 9-24

Journal
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 57 (2012) 214

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2012.214.32512

ISSN
2448-492X

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0


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© 2007 - 2025 Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR).
Based on DSpace, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, DuraSpace. All rights reserved.